跨文化商务沟通chapter2.pptVIP

Chapter 2 Understanding Cultures and Their Values Learning Objectives By the end of this chapter, you should be able to Define culture and cultural value Identify the ingredients and the characteristics of culture Appreciate the basic values of your own culture and the culture of others Understand how cultural differences in work-related values shape behavior Culture Defined Origin of Culture Culture: derived from the Latin word “colere”, which could be translated as “to build”, “to care for”, “to plant” or “to cultivate”. Thus, “culture” usually referred to something that is derived from or created by the intervention of humans. From Intellectual Perspective From Anthropologic Perspective Edward Tylor Edward Sapir Kroeber and Kluckhohn Geert Hofstede Samovar and Porter Culture is the deposit of knowledge, experience, beliefs, values, attitudes, meanings, hierarchies, religion, notions of time, roles, spatial relations, concepts of the universe, and material objects and possessions acquired by a group of people in the course of generations through individual and group striving. Edward T. Hall Ingredients of Culture Elements of Culture artifacts (which includes items ranging from arrowheads to hydrogen bombs, magic charms to antibiotics to electric lights, and chariots to jet planes); concepts ( which include such beliefs or value systems as right or wrong, God and man, ethics, and the general meaning of life); behavior ( which refers to the actual practice of concepts or beliefs). Characteristics of Culture Value Defined From Intellectual Perspective Geert Hofstede Clyde Kluckhohn Value System A value system represents what is expected or hoped for, required or forbidden. It is not a report of actual conduct but is the system of criteria by which conduct is judged and sanctions applied. The Core of Culture Culture is like an iceberg Culture is our software Culture is like the water a fish swims in. Symbols Heroes Rituals Values Values are social principle