高中英语知识讲解(20).doc免费

高考冲刺：长难句理解技巧 题型介绍 高考英语出现了很多难句，并且这些难句主要是长难句。长难句的形成主要通过以下四种方式：复合从句、成分省略、使用插入语和改变句序。这四种方式往往可以相互结合，从而形成更长的难句。虽然形成长难句之方法有四，但是目的却只有一个，就是打断和打乱考生正常的阅读习惯和思维习惯，从而达到考察考生阅读能力和翻译能力的目标。 解题技巧 句子较长，一个从句套着另一个从句，环环相扣。但不管句子有多长有多复杂，它只由两部分构成，即主干和修饰成分。主干是整个句子的骨架，主要指主谓宾结构或主系表结构。而修饰成分在句中只起修饰或补充主干的作用，它既可以是单词，也可以是短语，更常见的则是从句，尤其是定语从句和状语从句。　　 我们应通过仔细分析，将每个修饰成分划出来，找出句子的主干，这样整个句子结构就清晰了。 如果待处理的长难句为一个复杂的单句，可以跳读修饰成分，迅速找出主谓结构。具体步骤是：先跳读修饰成分或附加成分，找出句子的主干并理解其意义；然后再分段理解修饰成分或附加成分。 带有较多成分的简单句:去枝叶，留主干 Schools across China(介词短语作定语) are expected to hire 50,000 college(定语) graduates this year(时间状语) as short-term teachers（介词短语做状语）, almost three times the number（同位语） hired last year(过去分词短语作定语), to help reduce unemployment pressures(目的状语). 含有多个从句的复合句：找从属连词, 分析从句, 理解句意。 Whereas(引导状语从句表对比) a woman’s closest female friend might be the first to tell her to leave a failing marriage，it wasn’t unusual to hear a man say that（引导宾语从句） he didn’t know that （引导宾语从句内的宾语从句）his friend’s marriage was in serious trouble until （引导时间状语从句）he appeared one night asking if（引导非谓语所带宾语从句） he could sleep on the sofa. 含有插入语的句子：忽略插入成分, 直奔句子主题. The lack of right male (男性的) role models in many of their lives—at home and particularly in the school environment (环境)（插入成分）—means that their peers are the only people they have to judge themselves against. 成分省略：把握大意, 找出上文对应信息, 补充省略成分 The magazine is male-targeting because young guys generally won’t pick up a magazine that appears to be directed at females, whereas girls usually will(省略了will pick up a magazine that appears to be directed at males). 1. 跳读插入语 The lack of right male (男性的) role models in many of their lives—at home and particularly in the school environment (环境)—means that their peers are the only people they have to judge themselves against. 2. 跳读非谓语动词短语 In their skins, corals have tiny plants which act as “dustmen”, taking some of the waste products from the coral and giving in return oxygen which the animal needs very much to breathe. 3. 跳读分隔现象 Science has bee so important in t