系统解剖学 07内脏学.pptVIP

内脏学 splanchnology 内脏学　splanchnology 概述 　内脏viscera包括消化系统、呼吸系统、泌尿系统、生殖系统 内脏一般结构 　　中空性器官、实质性器官 胸部标志线和腹部分区 　　胸部标志线 　　腹部分区 胸部标志线 　前正中线 　 胸骨线 　锁骨中线 　胸骨旁线 　 腋前线 　 腋后线 　 腋中线 　 肩胛线 　后正中线 腹部标志线和分区 　两横线两垂线分九区 左季肋区、腹上区、 右季肋区 左腹外侧区、脐区、右腹外侧区 左髂区、 腹下区、右髂区 　一横线一垂线分四区 　　左上腹、右上腹 　　左下腹、右下腹 消化系统 Alimentary System Internal Structures of the mouth Ⅱ Salivary Glands and their Associated Ducts Number and types of Adult Teeth Location and Types of Deciduous Teeth pharynx 位置和形态 （1）位置 （2）形态 分部 （1）鼻咽nasopharynx （2）口咽Oropharynx （3）喉咽Laryngopharynx 咽壁肌 esophagus 位置和分部 （1）位置 （2）分部 颈部、胸部、腹部 三个狭窄部： 第一、食管起始处 第二、与左主支气管交叉处 第三、通过膈的食管裂孔处 Large Intestine Rectum + Anal Canal Rectum descends into pelvis no teniae coli longitudinal muscle layer complete rectal valves Anal Canal passes through levator ani muscle releases mucus to lubricate feces Internal anal sphincter involuntary, smooth m. External anal sphincter voluntary, skeletal m. Stratified squamosal epithelium at lower half Liver Largest gland (3 lbs) Location Upper Right Quadrant Mostly under ribcage Highly vascular Some functions produce bile pick up glucose detoxify poison, drugs make blood proteins many others Gall Bladder Pancreas Names give hints! Hepato = liver Pancreatico = pancreas Cystic = gallbladder Gastro = stomach Splenic = spleen Adreno = adrenal gl Lumbar = lumbar region Epiploic = membrane-covered Mesenteric = mesentery Duodenal = duodenum Ileo = ileum Colic = colon Rectal = rectum 呼吸系统 Respiratory System Nose Only externally visible part of the respiratory system. Functions include: Providing an airway for respiration Moistening and warming air Filtering inspired air Serving as a resonating center for speech Housing the olfactory receptors. Skeletal Framework of External Nose Fashioned by the: Nasal and frontal bones superiorly Maxillary bones laterally Plates of hyaline cartilage (lateral, septal, and alar cartilages) inferiorly. Nasal Cavity Floor is formed by the palate. Hard palate contains porti