《多路输出隔离式开关电源设计》 Off_line_Converter_Design_and _magnetics.docVIP

C H A P T E R 3 Off-line Converter Design and Magnetics C H A P T E R3 Off-line Converter Design and Magnetics Off-line converters are derivatives of standard dc-dc converter topologies.For example,the ?yback topology,popular for low-power applications(typically100W,is really a buck-boost,with its usual single-winding inductor replaced by an inductor with multiple windings.Similarly,the forward converter,popular for medium to high powers,is a buck-derived topology,with the usual inductor(“choke”supplemented by a transformer. The?yback inductor actually behaves both as an inductor and a transformer.It stores magnetic energy as any inductor would,but it also provides“mains isolation”(mandated for safety reasons,just like any transformer would.In the forward converter,the energy storage function is ful?lled by the choke,whereas its transformer provides the necessary mains isolation. Because of the similarities between dc-dc converters and off-line converters,most of the spadework for this chapter is in fact contained in the preceding chapter(“DC-DC Converter Design and Magnetics”.The basic magnetic de?nitions have also been presented therein. Therefore,the reader should read that chapter before attempting this one. Note that in both the?yback and the forward converters,the transformer,besides providing the necessary mains isolation,also provides another very important function—that of a ?xed-ratio down-conversion step,determined by the“turns ratio”of the transformer.The turns ratio is the number of turns of the input(“primary”winding,divided by the number of turns of the output(“secondary”winding.The question arises—why do we even feel the need for a transformer-based step-down conversion stage,when in principle,a switching converter should by itself have been able to up-convert or down-convert at will?The reason will become obvious if we carry out a sample calculation—we will then?nd that without any additional“help,”the converter would require impractically low value