第4章时变电磁场new.pptVIP

第四章 时变电磁场Chapter 4 Time-varying electromagnetic Fields Introduction In the study of static fields we concluded that: Static electric fields are created by charges, Static magnetic fields are produced by charges in motion or steady currents, The static electric field is a conservative field because it has no curl, The static magnetic field is continuous because its divergence is zero, The static electric field can exist even when there is no static magnetic field and vice versa. Introduction In this chapter, we show that a time-varying electric field can be produced by a time-varying magnetic field. We will refer to an electric field created by a magnetic field as an induced electric field or an emf-producing electric field. We will also highlight the fact that the induced electric field is not a conservative field. The line integral of an induced electric field around a closed path is, in fact, called the induced emf. We will also discover that a time-varying electric field gives rise to a time-varying magnetic field. Simply stated, if there exists a time-varying electric (magnetic) field in a region, there also exists a time-varying magnetic (electric) field in that region. Introduction The equations describing the relations between electric and magnetic fields are known as Maxwell’s equations because they were concisely formulated by James Clerk Maxwell. 法拉第定律Faraday’s Law After Oersted demonstrated in 1820 that an electric current affected a compass needle, Faraday professed his belief that if a current could produce a magnetic field, then a magnetic field should be able to produce a current. The concept of the “field” was not available at that time, and Faraday’s goal was to show that a current could be produced by “magnetism.” Faraday’s law of induction 法拉第感应定律 电磁感应定律(The law of electromagnetic induction) 当与回路交链的磁通发生变化时， 回路中会产生感应电动势， 这就是法拉弟电磁感应定律: The flux generated by the induced current tends to counterbalance the change in the original magnetic flux.