骨骼肌生理-夏强 医学课件 浙江大学医学院英文课件.pptVIP

Unfused tetanus: partial dissipation of elastic tension between subsequent stimuli. Fused tetanus: no time for dissipation of elastic tension between rapidly recurring stimuli. Frequency-tension relation Mechanism for greater tetanic tension Successive action potentials result in a persistent elevation of cytosolic calcium concentration Long sarcomere: actin and myosin do not overlap much, so little tension can be developed. Length-tension relation Short sarcomere: actin filaments lack room to slide, so little tension can be developed. Optimal-length sarcomere: lots of actin-myosin overlap and plenty of room to slide. Optimal length Click here to play the Length-Tension Relation in Skeletal Muscles Flash Animation Skeletal muscle’s capacity to produce ATP via oxidative phosphorylation is further supplemented by the availability of molecular oxygen bound to intracellular myoglobin. In skeletal muscle, ATP production via substrate phosphorylation is supplemented by the availability of creatine phosphate. In skeletal muscle, repetitive stimulation leads to fatigue, evident as reduced tension. Rest overcomes fatigue, but fatigue will reoccur sooner if inadequate recovery time passes. Types of skeletal muscle fibers On the basis of maximal velocities of shortening Fast fibers – containing myosin with high ATPase activity (type II fibers) Slow fibers -- containing myosin with low ATPase activity (type I fibers) On the basis of major pathway to form ATP Oxidative fibers – containing numerous mitochondria and having a high capacity for oxidative phosphorylation, also containing large amounts of myoglobin (red muscle fibers Glycolytic fibers -- containing few mitochondria but possessing a high concentration of glycolytic enzymes and a large store of glycogen, and containing little myoglobin (white muscle fibers) Types of skeletal muscle fibers Slow-oxidative fibers – combine low myosin-ATPase activity with high ox