宏观经济学CHAP国民收入从何而来，去向何方.pptVIP

* This is good general advice for students. They will learn many models in this course. Many exams include questions requiring students to show how some event shifts a curve, and then use the model to analyze its effect on the endogenous variables. If students methodically follow the steps presented on this slide for each model they learn in this course (and other economics courses), they will likely do better on the exams and get more out of the course. * Continuing from the previous slide, let’s look at all the things that affect the S curve. Then, we will pick one of those things and use the model to analyze its effects on the endogenous variables. Then, we’ll do the same for the I curve. * * * Display the data line by line, noting that it matches the model’s predictions---UNTIL YOU GET TO Investment. The model says that investment should have fallen as much as savings. Ask students why they think it didn’t. Answer: in our closed economy model of chapter 3, the only source of loanable funds is national saving. But the U.S. is actually an open economy. In the face of a fall in national saving (i.e. the domestic supply of loanable funds), firms can finance their investment spending by importing foreign loanable funds. More on this in an upcoming chapter. * Students may be confused because we are (somehow) changing taxes, but assuming T is unchanged. Taxes have different effects. The total amount of taxes (T ) affects disposable income. But even if we hold total taxes constant, a change in the structure or composition of taxes can have effects. In this problem, we’re holding total taxes constant, so disposable income does not change, but we are changing the composition of taxes to give consumers an incentive to increase their saving. * * * Suggestion: Display these questions and give your students 3-4 minutes, working in pairs, to try to find the answers. Then display the analysis on the next slide. * * * * * If L=3, then the benefit