英语诗歌的节奏.docVIP

第二节 英语诗歌的节奏 英诗的节奏来自于诗的格律和音步，而音步是格律的基本单位。音步是一定数目的重读音节和非重读音节按照一定的规则排列而成。音步的排列方式则构成英诗的格律。按照每一音步中重读音节（扬）和非重读音节（抑）的排列方式，可以把音步分成不同的种类，及格律。 常见的英语诗歌格律有以下四种。 （1）抑扬格：音步由一个非重读音节加上一个重读音节构成。 （2）扬抑格：音步由一个重读音节加上一个非重读音节构成。 （3）扬抑抑格：音步由一个重读音节加上两个非重读音节构成。 （4）抑抑扬格：音步由两个非重读音节加上一个重读音节构成。 抑扬格iambus ,the iambus foot She walks in Beauty She walks in beauty, like the night Of cloudless climes and starry skies; And all thats best of dark and bright Meet in her aspect and her eyes: Thus mellowd to that tender light Which heaven to gaudy day denies. One shade the more, one ray the less, Had half impaird the nameless grace Which waves in every raven tress, Or softly lightens oer her face; Where thoughts serenely sweet express How pure, how dear their dwelling-place. And on that cheek, and oer that brow, So soft, so calm, yet eloquent, The smiles that win, the tints that glow, But tell of days in goodness spent, A mind at peace with all below, A heart whose love is innocent! 扬抑格 trochee, the trochaic foot Men of England, wherefore plough For the lords who lay ye low Never seek to tell thy love, Love that never told can be. （3）扬抑抑格 Cannon to right of them,Cannon to left of them,Cannon behind themVolleyd and thunderd;Stormd at with shot and shell,While horse and hero fell,They that had fought so wellCame thro the jaws of DeathBack from the mouth of Hell,All that was left of them,Left of six hundred. (4) 抑抑扬格 Annabel lee 抑扬格一音步 Thus I Pass by And die As one Unknown And gone---- Tell me not, in mournful numbers, Life is but an empty dream! For the soul is dead that slumbers, And things are not what they seem. Life is real! Life is earnest! And the grave is not its goal; Dust thou art, to dust returnest, Was not spoken of the soul. Not enjoyment, and not sorrow, Is our destined end or way; But to act, that each to-morrow Find us farther than to-day. Art is long, and Time is fleeting, And our hearts, though stout and brave, Still, l