物理化学07章电解质溶液.ppt

* FRIEDRICH WILHELM GEORG KOHLARUSCH FRIEDRICH WILHELM GEORG KOHLARUSCH (1840-1910), German chemist and physicist, is best known for his work on the electrical conductivity of solutions. His work is characterized by a high degree of precision, as exemplified in his determination of the electrochemical equivalent of silver. His main work on electrolyte conduction was mad possible by the realization that polarization at the electrodes could be eliminated by using ac instead of dc currents for conductivity measurements. * FRIEDRICH WILHELM GEORG KOHLARUSCH In 1876,following the work of Hittorf on ion migrations, he stated, “in a dilute solution every electrochemical element has a perfectly definite resistance pertaining to it, independent of the compound to publish an instructional manual on laboratory physics. The manual,Leitfaden der Praktischen Physik (1870), was widely used and translated into several languages, including English. * GILBERT NEWTON LEWIS GILBERT NEWTON LEWIS (1875-1946), American chemist, began his career as a superintendent of weights and measures in the Philippines in 1904, after receiving the PhD degree from Harvard. His book Thermodynamics and the Free Energy of Chemical Substances, first published in 1923 in collaboration with M.Randall,is still in use in a new edition revised by K.S.Pitzer and L.Brewer. * GILBERT NEWTON LEWIS In1916, Lewis observed that of the hundreds of thousands of known chemical compounds, less than ten contained an odd number of electrons,and he proposed the “electron pair” chemical bond. * JACOBUS HENRICUS VAN’T HOFF JACOBUS HENRICUS VAN’T HOFF (1852-1911) Dutch physical chemist,received the first Nobel Prize in chemistry in 1901 for “the discovery of the laws of chemical dynamics and of osmotic pressure.” Van’t Hoff was one of the early developers of the laws of chemical kinetics,developing mehtods for determining the order of a reaction;he deduced the relation between temperature and the equilbrium constant of a che