英语教学研究方法_实验法.pptVIP

Controls and counterbalance How to control for systematic biases among the people participating to assign them to the treatment groups at random. match the students as closely as possible by having them do tests of proficiciency level,attitude,personality type,aptitude and so forth effects of order of presentation of the experimental treatments would have to be counterbalanced Consequences: to reduce possible rival interpretations by controlling their effects to increase the artificiality of the situation at least as compared to the normal context of the learners and teacherers everyday experience. the greater the influence of such design measures, the nearer the research is to a true experiment. specific hypothesis research question result result measurements produced by the data-collection instruments confounding variables original hypothesis hypothesis Are they really the right measures? is the prediction justified ? Can rival interpretations be eliminated ? Does the result make sense in terms of the hypothesis Internal vality may seen in terms of several links An experiment on methodology for teaching reading experimenter Carrell study aim compare the effectiveness of two kinds of reading stratedy training Independent variables sementic mapping , the students learned to draw and then redraw diagrams based on their knowledge of the topic and what is said about the topic in the text. experience-text-relationship (E-T-R), involved structured discussion sessions with the teacher. the control group took the regular classes in the programme Dependent variables gain scores, the difference between scores on a specially designed reading comprehension test before and after the stradegy training. Moderator variables include a questionaire giving a picture of the individual differences among the students, including strategy preference and cognitive processing. Subjects adult ESL students in regular classes at appropriately the same proficiency level in a university