毕业论文·设计《辽宁省硼工业生态压力分析》.docVIP

PAGE i 摘 要 伴随着辽宁硼工业近年来的发展，出现了许多问题，如硼矿开采缺乏统一规划和有效管理，损失浪费严重，硼资源消耗过快；企业规模小，成本高，生产工艺设备落后；新产品研发能力弱，深加工产品少；以及环境污染严重等。 建立辽宁省硼工业的循环经济，实现资源节约、环境友好，就要在各种产品或装置在设计、生产、流通以及使用等环节中实现资源节约。要实现以上目标，就必须对硼工业系统进行物质流分析，只有做好物质流分析，才有可能在资源和环境方面，有理有据地提出供决策者参考的建议。 本文应用物质流分析和生命周期评价的方法对2005年硼工业关键技术和生态压力进行分析。 （1）在辽宁省硼行业关键的生产过程中，固态污染物主要为硼砂和硼酸生产过程中产生的硼泥和矿渣；液态污染物主要在偏硼酸钙生产过程中产生，且产生量较少；气态污染物排放量最大的是六方氮化硼和无定形元素硼生产过程。 （2）硼精细化学品和初级产品相比，工业产值高而污染物排放量少，现行工业结构不合理；辽宁省硼工业2005年硼的利用效率为88%，流失率为12%，硼元素的流失主要以硼泥的形式排放。 （3）辽宁省硼工业产生的污染物主要为气体污染物和固体废物，对大气环境和土地占用造成较大的压力，对水环境的压力较小。除了固体废物外,由能源和辅助原料带入研究系统的间接污染物的比例大于直接污染物。 （4）辽宁硼工业应大力推行节能降耗、清洁生产和废物循环利用技术，调整产业结构、加强行业综合治理。 关键词：硼工业，生命周期评价，物质流分析 PAGE iii Abstract In recent years, with the development of Liaoning boron industry, many issues have happened. Such as the Boron is exploited without unified planning and effective management, losing and wasting seriously, the resources consume excessively, the Companies have Small scale and high cost, and the production technique and equipments are stale. The ability of new product development is so weak that the processed goods are poor; and also the environment has been polluted seriously. In order to set up the circulation economy, conservation of resource, environmental friendly of boron industries in Liaoning province, we should achieve the conservation of resource in some links like devices, production, distribution and use in different of products and equipments. To achieve these objectives, we must do the chemical process of boron in the material flow analysis well. We must analyze the boron industrial system well. Only to do that, maybe we can justifiably put forward to recommendations for policy-makers in the fields of resource and the environment. In this paper, we use the material flow analysis and the life cycle assessment to analysis the key technology and ecological stress of the boron industry in 2005. （1）The solid pollutants are mud and slag generated from the main production of borax and boric acid; the