国际贸易实务(英文版)(第二版)3 Export Price.pptVIP

SEIB OF GDUFS * 3.3 Calculation of price SEIB OF GDUFS * 3.3.1 FOB Price Table 3.2 FOB Costing Worksheet FOB in freight currency FOB in freight currency = (Total Cost + Profit)/Exchange Rate FOB in local currency SEIB OF GDUFS * 3.3.2 CFR Price If FOB price is available CFR = FOB + Ocean Freight Ocean freight Provided by shipping lines Quoted as packaged price Others like “additionals” and “surcharges” SEIB OF GDUFS * 3.3.3 CIF Price If FOB price is available CIF = FOB + Ocean Freight + Insurance Premium If CFR price is available CIF = CFR + Insurance Premium Calculation of Insurance Premium (I) Based on contract value/invoice value + A markup (normally 10%) to cover incidental costs Formula: I = CIF x (1+10%) x Premium Rate (R) Therefore CIF = CFR + CIF x (1+10%) x Premium Rate (R) or CIF = CFR / (1 – 110% x R) SEIB OF GDUFS * Conversion of FOB, CFR CIF Prices Conversion of FOB to other prices CFR = FOB + F CIF = (FOB + F) / [1 – (1+markup) x R] Conversion of CFR to other prices FOB = CFR – F CIF = CFR / [1 – (1+markup) x R] Conversion of CIF to other prices FOB = CIF x [1 – (1+markup) x R] – F CFR = CIF x [1 – (1+markup) x R] SEIB OF GDUFS * 3.3.4 Price including commission Net price = basic costs + profit Commission An incentive payment made to the middlepersons for their intermediary services Expressed in a fixed figure or in a percentage Examples CFR London GBP100 per doz, including 2% commission USD200 per M/T CIFC2% London CIFC3 Hamburg USD100/set CAD150 per M/T FOB Toronto, including CAD8 per M/T commission SEIB OF GDUFS * 3.3.4 Price including commission Two ways of calculating commission based on invoice/contract value C = contract value x C rate based on FOB or FCA: Under such terms as CFR, CIF, C is calculated before F and I are deducted Formula: C = price including C (FOB/FCA) x C rate Net price = price including C (FOB/FCA) – C = price including C x (1- C rate) Price including C (FOB/FCA) = net price / (1-C rate) SE