名词性从句和状语从句.pptxVIP

; 名词性从句和状语从句是中学阶段的两个重要语法项目，在历年的高考中也都是重要考点，虽然每年在命题上各有变化，但仔细分析高考试题不难看出，这两大从句主要都是从句子的种类，连接词的使用，句子的语序以及特殊句式等几个方面进行考查。 ; 定义： 在复合句中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句 (Noun Clauses)。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组,它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等。; 引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类： 连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which 连接副词：when, where, how, why ; 主语从句通常由连接代词 what， who，which，whatever , whoever以及连接副词how , when , where，why和从属连词that，whether， if 等引导。; (1)连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用，在从句中充当从句的成分。如：;(2)That引导主语从句时，在句中无词义,只起连接作用,且不可省略。 如： That he is a famous singer is known to us. That he didn’t pass the exam worried his parents.;①It is+adj. (clear/obvious/likely…) +that… ②It is +n. (a fact/a pity/ an honor…)+that… ③It is +p.p. (said/reported/believed …)+that… ④It +vi. ( seems/happens/appears… )+ that… 　　　　;例如： ①It is obvious that he was lying. ②It is said that he has been there many times. ; 但在下面两种情况中,从句要用虚拟语气 It is + adj. (important/ natural/strange…) +that … It is +p.p. (suggested /requested/proposed…) +that… 如： ①It is important that we (should) learn English well. ②It is suggested that we ( should ) hold a meeting to discuss this problem.;;注意： 在demand、order、suggest、decide、insist、 desire、 request 等表要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后，宾语从句中常用“（should）+ 动词原形 ”。 如： I insist that she (should) finish her work by herself. ;;①Please tell me where he is. ②I didn’t know who was the monitor. ③She will give whoever needs help a warm support. ;3.用whether或if引导的宾语从句, 译为 “是否…” (e.g.) I don’t know whether /if he will come today. 但whether to do 作介词宾语或whether or not 连用时,whether不可以替换成if。; 引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样，表语从句位于连系动词后，as if也可引导表语从句。其基本结构为：主语+系动词+从句 例如 ①The fact is that we have lost the game. ②This is what we want. ③This is where our problem lies. ④It looks as if it is going to rain. ⑤The reason why she was late was that she missed the early bus. 　　 ; 注意: （1）that 引导表语从句时,不可省略. （2）主语为reason时，表语从句连词用 that而不用because.; 同位语从句通常由that引导，少数情况也可用连接副词引导，可用于同位语从句的名词有idea、fa