apbiology生物学术语中英对照.pptxVIP

Chapter 121. biology 生物学 The study of life that seeks to provide an understanding of the natural world.2. organism 生物Anything that possesses all the characteristics of life; all organisms have an orderly structure, produce offspring, grow, develop, and adjust to changes in the anization 组织orderly structure of cells in an organism; a characteristic of all living thingsreproduction 繁殖production of offspring by an organism; a characteristic of all living thingsspecies 物种a group of organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring in naturegrowth 生长increase in the amount of living material and formation of new structures in an organism; a characteristic of all living thingsenvironment 环境biotic and abiotic surroundings to which an organism must constantly adjust; includes air, water, weather, temperature, other organisms and many other factors.stimulus 刺激anything in an organisms internal or externaml environment that causes the organism to reactresponse 反应an organisms reaction to a chance in its internal or external environmenthomeostasis 稳态organisms regulation of its internal environment to maintain conditions suitable for survival; a characteristic of all living things. process of maintaing equilibrium in cells internal environmentsenergy 能量 the ability to cause chance; organisms use energy to perform biological functionadaptation 适应evolution of a structure, behavior or internal process that enables an organism to respond to environmental factors and live to produce offspringevolution 进化gradual change in a species through adaptations over timescientific method 科学方法procedures that biologists and other scientists use to gather information and answer questions, include observing and hypothesizing, experimenting and gathering and interpreting results.hypothesis 假设explanation for a question or a problem that can be formally testedexperiment 实验procedure that tests a hypothesis by collecting information under controlled condidtions.control 控制in an experiment, the s