物流英语 第三章.ppt

c). Replenishment lead time . The replenishment lead time has an obvious impact on inventory needs. If we expect a relatively long time between placing an order and receiving it, we must carry a larger inventory than if we anticipate a short lead time, especially when critical items are involved. If lead time is stochastic with an associated probability distribution, we may be able to use this information to determine our inventory needs during the lead time. Words and Phrases to Text A Inventory n. 库存，存货, 财产清册, 总量, 详细目录, monitor n. 级长或班长 vt. 监控，监管 determine vt. 决定 maintain vt. 维持, 维修, 继续, 供养, 主张 replenish v. 补充; interim adj. 中间的, 临时的, 间歇的 n. 中间时期, 过渡时期, 暂定 reserve n. 储备(物), 储藏量, 预备队 vt. 储备, 保存, 保留, 预定, 预约 discount n. 折扣 wholesaler n. 批发商 package n. 包裹, 包 folk lift truck 叉车 demand n. 要求, 需求(量), 需要 v. 要求, 需要, 要求知道, 查询 absence n. 不在, 缺席, 缺乏, 没有 uncertain adj.无常的,不确定的,不可预测的,靠不住的 Notes to Text A [1] Inventory is defined as the stock of any item or resource used in an organization. 全句译为：库存是指企业中所储备的所有物料和资源． [2] In a broader context, inventory can include inputs such as human, financial, energy, equipment, and physical items such as raw materials; outputs such as parts, components, and finished goods; and interim stages of the process, such as partially finished goods or work-in-process (WIP). 全句译为：广义的库存包括运营系统的投入要素和资源，人力、资金、能源、设备以及原材料等；也包括运营系统的产出品，如零部件、组件和产成品等，同时还包括运营过程中的半成品和在制品(work-in-process, WIP)。 [3] Inventory can serve two basic functions: 1. To provide a reserve for production and sales. 2. To get the price discount by purchasing a large quantities. Inventory may be raw materials for the factory or finished products for the wholesaler and retailer. Most of inventory is placed in warehouse. Usually , three warehouse are available: 全句译为：库存具有两种基本功能：1、为生产和销售提供库存储备。2、方便进行大量采购获得价格折扣。库存货物可以是工厂的原材料或者准备发给批发商或零售商的成品。大多数的存货储备会被保存在仓库，通常是如下三种库区： [4] Contract warehouse. This kind of warehouse is formed and depended on the relation between the suppl