沉井施工过程中的常见问题及处理办法.docxVIP

摘 沉井施工过程中的常见问题及处理办法 要：沉井在施工过程中，经常会遇到难沉、突沉、沉偏、抗浮等问题，给施 工带来一定的困难。在实际生产中，解决难沉的办法有增加沉井自重、采用泥浆润 滑套或空气幕减小沉井外壁的摩阻力。解决突沉问题的办法有增大刃脚阻力、设横 梁支撑等。解决沉偏问题的办法有在高处集中挖土，或在沉井高的一侧加重物或用 高压射水冲送土层，沿沉井高的一侧井壁外面破坏土层结构，降低该侧被动土压力， 再用井内偏挖土法纠偏；或井壁外侧挖土，以减小摩擦力。有条件时，还可以在沉 井顶部加偏压重或水平拉力的方法来纠正。解决抗浮问题时，如验算抗浮安全系数 不够时，可采取加厚井壁或增加混凝土底板厚度措施；还可以采用在封底混凝土下 部设置反滤层（粗砂或碎石），并在底板上设有与反滤层相通的抽水孔或集水井。 关键词：沉井；难沉；突沉；沉偏；抗浮；挖土；侧摩阻力 Common problem and handle means in the open caisson building process/Bi kewen(Changchun Institute of Technology Changhcun,130021,China) Abstract:The open caisson is living in the building process ,constantly be able to encountering hard lowers 、deep to dash forward 、partial to lower 、combats to float and so on the problem ,bring the specified hardship to the building .It is living in the actual manufacture ,resolving the hard deep means possess the increase open caisson to self- respect 、adopting mud to lubricate suit either the air screen decreases outside the open caisson breastwork obstruction scrapping .The means to resolve to dash forward to lower the problem possess the blade broadeing foot obstruction 、In case the crossbeam support awaits .The partial problem means resolving to lower possess altitude being living lumping to excavate earth ,either the high side of the open caisson being living is increase the weight of the matter either employs the high pressure to fire water and dashes to send the earth stratum .Tall along the open caisson side wall of an oil well wrecks the composition on earth stratum out ,cut down the passive earth load force of that side ,again in the way of excavates with prejudice inner place the well indigenous method is corrected an error. Either earth is excavate in the wall of an oil well outside ,in order to decrease friction .When possessing the term ,still may be living the ministry on open caisson peak pluss the 1 bias severely either level pulling power means the rectification .Resolve to combat when floating the problem .In case the checking computations