医学英语阅读（第2册）Unit 2 The Nervous System.ppt

Epilepsy Chronic brain disorder characterized by seizures (abnormal, rapid, intense neuronal discharge) Types of seizures: Generalized (gran mal) Involve entire body, unconscious Partial: part of the body is involve, conscious Petit mal: momentary, frequent unconscious episodes Epilepsy Etiology: mostly idiopathic Trauma, tumors, CNS infection, drugs toxins, etc S/S: in classic generalized seizure Aura, tonic, clonic, post-ictal phases Respiratory insufficiency cyanosis Incontinence of bowel bladder 29-* Common Diseases and Disorders Disease/Disorder Description Alzheimer’s disease Progressive, degenerative disease of the brain Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) Lou Gehrig’s disease Degeneration of neurons in the spinal cord and brain Bell’s palsy Weak or paralyzed facial muscles 29-* Common Diseases and Disorders (cont.) Disease/Disorder Description Brain tumors and cancers Abnormal growths Can be primary or secondary tumors Most common – gliomas Epilepsy and seizures Occurs as a result of bursts of electrical signals that disrupt normal brain functioning Guillain-Barré Syndrome Body’s immune system attacks the PNS 29-* Disease/Disorder Description Headaches Tension Migraines Cluster Episodic or chronic With aura/without aura Form of migraines; occurs in groups Meningitis Inflammation of meninges Multiple sclerosis (MS) Chronic disease of CNS Myelin is destroyed Common Diseases and Disorders (cont.) 29-* Disease/Disorder Description Neuralgias Disorders causing nerve pain Parkinson’s disease Progressive and degenerative motor system disorder Sciatica Damage to sciatic nerve Stroke Brain cells die because of an inadequate blood flow; “brain attack” Common Diseases and Disorders (cont.) Apply Your Knowledge True or false: ___ Alzheimer’s disease is a progressive degenerative disease of the brain. ___ Epilepsy is due to degenerative neurons in the spinal cord and brain. ___ Neuralgias are motor system disorders. ___ Stroke occurs when brai