【课件】26生殖系统.pptVIP

(2) Placenta 胎盘 — exchange site and hormone producer Extraembryonic membranes ● Amniotic cavity 羊膜腔 — amnion 羊膜: enclose and protect the embryo ● Yolk sac 卵黄囊: some become a site of blood cell formation, and some will give rise to germ cells ● Chorionic cavity 绒毛膜腔 — chorion 绒毛膜: part of the placenta 胎盘 ● Allantois 尿囊: it serves in early blood formation and formation of the urinary bladder Placenta = chorion 绒毛膜, and allantois 尿囊(they give rise to the embryonic parts of the placenta) + endometrial tissue 子宫内膜组织 Functions ● Sustain the embryo and fetus ● Gases, nutrients, and wastes are exchanged between the maternal and fetal systems without intermingling their bloodstreams (3) Birth: an end and a beginning Parturition 分娩: the birth process Changing hormone levels initiate parturition ● The mother`s uterine muscles begin to contract ● The cervix begins to dilate, or open ● The mother`s pelvic bones 盆骨 to slightly separate under the control of the hormone relaxin The amnion 羊膜 usually ruptures just before birth, and “water” (amniotic fluid) gushes from the vagina (4) Milk production and lactation 哺乳 Milk secretion by the mammary glands Milk release from the breasts Colostrums 初乳: a fluid rich in proteins and lactose 乳糖 Functions ● Strengthen the baby`s immune system ● Remove meconium 胎粪 Accessory glands 附属腺体 ?? seminal vesicle 精囊腺, prostate gland 前列腺, bulbourethral gland 尿道球腺 Seminal vesicle 精囊腺 secret water, fructose, prostaglandins 前列腺素, and vitamin C provide an energy source for the motile sperm and help to neutralize the natural protective acidity of the vagina Prostate gland 前列腺 secret water, enzymes, cholesterol 胆固醇, buffering salts, and phospholipids 磷脂 Bulbourethral gland 尿道球腺 secret a clear, alkaline 碱性的 fluid as lubricant The combination of sperm and glandular secretions is semen 精液 Genitalia 外生殖器 ??scrotum 阴囊, penis 阴茎 Scrotum Outpouching of skin that contains the testes Move testes closer to or farther from body and so help testes