【课件】14脊索动物门的一般特征-尾索动物亚门-头索动物亚门.pptVIP

Phylum Chordata 脊索动物门 Major characters: Big three 1. Notochord 2. Tubular dorsal nerve cord 3. Pharyngeal slits ? Bilaterally symmetrical ? Deuterostomate animals ? Ventral, contractile blood vessel ? Complete digestive tract ? Post-anal tail 肛后尾 Notochord ? a supportive rod that extends most of the length of the animal Connective-tissue sheath Cells with a large, fluid-filled vacuole ? Lower chordates: present throughout the life ? Higher chordates: only present at embryonic stage, in adult replaced by segmented vertebral column 脊索出现的意义： 使动物的支持、保护、运动机能得到极大改善，有利于定向运动、捕食、避敌 使动物向大型化、复杂化发展成为可能 Tubular dorsal nerve cord Dorsal to the notochord Higher taxa: the anterior extends as the brain, posterior as the spinal cord Formed through invagination of ectoderm The central nervous system is associated with the development of sensory perception, integration, and motor responses Pharyngeal slits ?? A series of openings in the pharyngeal region ? Lower chordates: present throughout the life for Feeding ? Higher chordates: embryonic features Gills developed in the pharyngeal pouches for gas exchange Pharyngeal pouches: developed from the gut in the pharyngeal region Taxonomy Phylum Chordata 脊索动物门 Acrania 无头类 Subphylum Urochordata 尾索动物亚门 Subphylum Cephalochordata 头索动物亚门 Craniata 有头类 Subphylum Hyperotreti 盲鳗亚门，无颌动物 Ostracoderms 甲胄鱼：extinct aganthans 无颌动物 Subphylum Vertebrata 脊椎动物亚门，有颌动物 Class Cephalaspidomorphi 七腮鳗纲 Class Chondrichthyes 软骨鱼纲 Class Osteichthyes 硬骨鱼纲 Class Amphibia Class Reptilia Class Aves Class Mammalia Subphylum Urochordata 尾索动物亚门 ? Larvae ?? free-swimming larvae? Adult ?? sessile Larvae：notochord only exists in the tail Adult：notochord, nerve cord, and postnal tail all disappeared regressive metamorphism 逆行变态 The body is enclosed by tunic 被囊 Tunic: proteins, salts, and cellulose 纤维素, secreted by the epidermis Muscles: below the body wall epithelium 上皮 A large pharynx Digestive tract oral siphon 入水管孔? phary