初中英语被动专练.doc

PAGE PAGE 4 被动语态（Introducion of Passive Voice） 一、 主动语态与被动语态的概念： 英语动词的语态有两种： ⑴主动语态：表示主语是动作的执行者 ⑵被动语态：表示主语是动作的承受者(常常没在有必要指出动作的执行者情况下使用) 例：They speak English. （主动语态） 主 谓 宾 English is spoken by them. （被动语态） 主 谓 介词短语 注：★及物动词有被动语态，不及物动词必须带有介词才可以有被动语态。 例：⑴We listen to the teacher carefully in class. 主 谓 宾 →The teacher is listened to by us carefully in class. 主　 谓　 介词短语 ⑵Ｗe laughed at him . → He was laughed at by us. 二、 被动语态的结构与用法： 1.结构：be +done (过去分词) 被动语态中的be为助动词，无意义。be可能是am , is , are也可能是was ,were或原形be。 　注：★被动语态的时态是由be的时态决定的，be是什么时态，全句就是什么时态，be后面的过去分词不变。 2.用法： 　例：①Ｈistory is made by the people. (一般现在时) ②Ｔhe cars were made in Tianjing in 1995. (一般过去时) ③The tree will be cut down next year.(一般将来时) ④Ｔhe room must be kept clean.　（含有情态动词的被动语态） ⑤The door is being opened.　（现在进行时） ⑥The film has been seen by me.　（现在完成时） 有些措词故意避免用主语，或用“有人”、“大家”之类，经常用it作形式主语构成被动语态结构。如： It is said that another steel plant will be set up in this city. 特别记住下列句型： It is hoped that … 希望…… It is known that … 据说…… It is well known that …众所周知…… It is believed that … 有人相信…… 三、没有被动语态的动词： 　1. 没有被动语态的词， 表示状态或特征的及物动词如 cost, fit, have, suit, write well(好写),sell well（好卖）等没有被动形式，另外，诸如happen = take place, break out(爆发)，break down(坏了) 等不及物动词或短语以及诸如result from(缘于)，belong to,等只用主动语态，而不用被动语态 ２不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态: appear,　die ,disappear, end (vi. 结束), fail, last（持续）, lie, remain, sit, spread（传播）, stand, come true, fall asleep, ... 语法专练 一、把下列主动语态改为被动语态: 1. We often use a recorder in our English class. _______________________________________________________________________________. 2. They will show a new film next week. _______________________________________________________________________________. 3. When did they build the house? _______________________________________________________________________________. 4. I saw the boy enter the room. _______________________________________