修辞学课件：metaphor讲解学习.pptVIP

Along the way, they investigated the weird particles that populated the early Universe, how the Universe managed to avoid self-destruction, the echoes of the Big Bang, and how we know there was a Big Bang. 在本书中，畅销科普书作家希瑟.库伯和尼吉尔.亨贝斯特带我们走入探索宇宙生成奥秘的奇妙之旅。他们追随了宇宙的幼年期，狂暴的青年期，现在及至老年—数万亿年后的将来。沿途中，他们探究了聚集在早期宇宙的奇异粒子、宇宙如何成功地防止自我毁灭、大爆炸的回声，以及我们如何知道有大爆炸。 The definitions of metaphor （1）A metaphor is an implied simile. A metaphor is a figure of speech in which two different things are compared without the use of the words “as, like, as…as…, as though, as if, etc.”. （2）A metaphor, like a simile, also makes a comparison between two unlike elements, but unlike a simile, this comparison is implied rather stated. —冯翠华. 1995. Differences between metaphor and simile In a simile, the words like, as, as…so are used to make the comparison, as in: Jim was as cunning as a fox. The world is like a stage. In a metaphor, however, the comparison would appear simply as (1a) Jim was a fox. (2a) The world is a stage. A metaphor, then, is in a sense a condensed simile, differing from the latter only in form and artistry. It is a higher form, though, and not all metaphors can be recast (to give a new shape to) as similes. It requires greater ability on the part of the reader to perceive the hidden association, the insight into persons, things or ideas that is implied. For whereas in a simile the particular aspect of the point of resemblance between two unlike elements is given, in a metaphor nothing is stated. Taking the sentence “Jim was as cunning as a fox” for example, we can see that the aspect of cunningness in both man and fox is compared, but in “Jim was a fox” this aspect is not indicated. To summarize, a metaphor shows a closer relation between the tenor and the vehicle. As a result of its condensed form (compared with a simile), it is more suitable to express the more vivid images/feelings. Traditional Metaphor and Conceptual Metaphor The traditional view of metaphor: only regarded it