《物理化学》习题答案.docVIP

1-17 1mol ideal gas with Cv,m = 21J·K-1·mol-1,was heated from 300K to 600K by (1) reversible isochoric process; (2)reversible isobaric process. Calculate the △U separately. 解：（1）由题知 △U = n Cv,m △T = 1×21×（600－300）= 6300（J） (2) 对i.g由于△U只是温度的函数， 所以△U2 = △U1 = 6300（J） 1-18 Calculate the heat of vaporization of 1mol liquid water at 20℃, 101.325kPa. △vapHm?(water) = 40.67 kJ·mol-1, Cp,m(water) = 75.3 J·K-1·mol-1, Cp,m(water vapor) = 33.2 J·K-1·mol-1 at 100℃ H2O (l, 100℃ H2O (l, 100℃ △H2 H2O (g,100℃ △H1 等容 等压 △H3 1mol H2O (g,60℃,Pθ) 1mol H2O ( l,60℃,Pθ △H △H = △H1 + △H2 + △H3 = nCp,m(l) △T+ n△vap+ nCp,m(g) △T = 1×75.3×(100-20)+1×40.67+1×33.2×(20-100) = 3408.67 (J) 2-15 400K,105Pa, 1mol ideal gass was reversibly isothermally compressed to 106Pa. Calculate Q, W, △H, △S, △G, △U of this process. 解：对i.g由于温度不变，所以△H=0，△U=0 可逆压缩功W = nRT = 1×8.314×400× = 7657.48(J) Q = -W= -7657.48(J) △G = nRT= 7657.48(J) △S = -nR=-=-19.14(J·K-1) 2-16 Calculate △G =? H2O(1mol,l, 100℃,101.325KPa) → H2O(1mol, g,100℃, 2×101.325 解： H H2O(1mol,l, 100℃,101.325KPa) H2O(1mol, g,100℃, 2×101.325 △G H2O(1mol, g,100℃, 101.325KP △G1 △G2 △G = △G1+ △G2 = 0+ nRT = 1×8.314×373× = 2149.53(J) 3-8 The vapor pressure of water is 101.3KPa at 100℃ and heat of vaporization is 40.68KJ·mol-1. Calculate (1)the vapor pressure of water at 95℃;(2) the boiling 解：由题意可知P1=101.3KPa，T1=373K，T2=95+273=368K，△vapHm= 40.68 KJ·mol-1 (1) = 即 = P2 = 84.76(KPa) (2) 同理 = T = 374.37(K) 习题12.1 用As2O3与过量H2S制备As2S3溶胶，稳定剂为H2S。判断下列电解质对该溶胶聚沉能力的强弱顺序：（a）NaCl;(b)MgCl2;(c)MgSO4;(d)AlCl3 答：稳定剂H2S在水溶液中电离成H+和HS-，根据胶核优先吸附有相似组成的离子HS-，可知该As2S3溶胶中胶粒带负电。电解质中的反离子价数越高，其聚沉能力越强；与胶粒具有相同电荷离子价数越高，其聚沉能力越弱，所以上述四种电解质聚沉能力大小顺序为（d）＞（b）＞(c) ＞(a). 习题12.2 氧化铁溶胶中胶体的平均半径为4.0×10-9m。将溶胶稀释5000倍，在超显微镜下进行观察，视野容积为2.4×10-14m3，在连续25次观测中的粒子总数为72。假定粒子为球形，粒子的密度为5.2×103kg·m-3，试求：（1 解：（1