化学化工专业英语翻译和写作方法.ppt

Eclipsed conformation Staggered conformation Fig. 1 “three-quarters view” ( sawhorse view) and “head-on view” (Newman projection) representations of the eclipsed and staggered conformations of ethane. “three-quarters view” “head-on view” “three-quarters view” “head-on view” Compounds possessing the same number and kinds of atoms and the same molecular weight (i.e., the same molecular formula) but differing in structure and properties are called isomers (Greek, isos, equal, merso, part”; i.e., having equal parts). A more subtle kind of isomerism is illustrated by the eclipsed and staggered forms of ethane. 拥有相同数目和类别的原子以及相同的分子量（即相同的分子式），但结构和性质不同的化合物互称为异构体（希腊语，isos，相等，merso，部分，即拥有相等的部分）。乙烷的重叠式和交叉式，描述了一种更细微的异构现象。 Clearly, we are dealing with the same molecule in both of these forms but not with precisely identical structures. The eclipsed and staggered forms differ in their geometry as a result of twisting (i.e., rotating) around the axis of a C-C bond. They are said to be conformational isomers (also called conformers or rotamers); any particular twist form is called conformation. 很明显，我们现在研究的就是这种以重叠式或交叉式存在，不具有完全一致结构的分子。由于围绕着C-C键轴向的扭曲式旋转，这两种存在形式在几何构型上是有差异的。它们被称为构象异构体（也被称作构象异构或旋转异构）。其中任何一种旋转形式都被称为一种构象。 Thus ethane is able to assume an eclipsed conformation and a staggered conformation. To induce the conversion of one to the other requires a certain amount of energy. The idea that the staggered conformation is at a lower energy level than the eclipsed conformation is intuitively appealing, for the greater distance between the hydrogens in the staggered conformation produces less interference between the hydrogens than in the eclipsed conformation. 因此，乙烷被认为具有一种重叠式构象和一种交叉式构象。要使一种构象转变为另一种构象需要一定的能量。认为交叉式构象比重叠式具有更低的能量这一观点，直觉上看，还是很具有说服力的。这是因为交叉式构象中氢原子相距较远，相互的作用力较小的缘故。 Intramolecular encounter of this sort is often called nonbonded interference, indicating that the interacting groups (e.g., the hydrogens in the case of ethane) are not directly bonded: th