Emmanuel Levinas伊曼纽尔利维纳斯Is Ontology Fundamental哲学代表作著作思想评论评述.docxVIP

Levinas, Emmanuel, Is Ontology Fundamental?，Philosophy Today，33:2(1989:Summer) p.l21 IS ONTOLOGYFUNDAMENTAL?* Does not the primacy of ontologyamong ihe disciplines of knowledge reston the most luminous evidence? Doesnot all knowledge of relations whereinbeings arc opposed or reconnected tu oneanother already involve the compre-hension of the fact that these relations andthese beings exist? To aniculate 言hesignificance of this fact, to take up oncemore the problem of oncology (implicitlyresolved by everyone, be ii only under theform of forgetfulness), is to establish afundamenlal knowing, it seems，withoulwhich all philosophical, scientific, orcommon knowledge remains naive. Contemporary Ontology The dignity of coniemporary onto-logicnl research derives from theimperious and original character of thisevidence. Through it, thinkers arcimmediately elevated above iheilluminations of literary coteries inorder lo breath afresh the uir of ihe greatdialogues of Plato and the metaphysics ofAristotle, To place in question thisfundamental evidence is a daring under-taking. But to appreach philosophy bysuch questioning is，at least, to return toits source, beyond literature and itsproblems of pathos. Emmanuel Levinas The recovery of ontology bycontemporary philosophy is exceptionalin lhal ihe knowledge of being in gen-eral—fundamental ontology—pre-supposes Ihe facmal xituafitm of the mindwhich knows, A reason liberated fromtemporal contingencies, a soul co-elemalwith ihe Ideas, such is the self-imageprojccled by a reason which has forgottenitself or is unaware of itself, a reasonwhich is naive. Ontology, considerauthentic, coincides with the facticity oftemporal existence. To comprehendbeing as being is to exist here below. Noithat the here Mo、、，, by Ihe trials which itimposes，cicvalcs und purifies the soul,enabling it to acquire a receptivity inregard to being. Not lhat ihe here belowopens a history，the progress of whichalone woul