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Ion Semiconductor Sequencing is a method of DNA sequencing based on the detection of \o Hydrogen ion hydrogen ions that are released during the \o DNA polymerase polymerization of DNA. This is a method of sequencing by synthesis, during which a \o Complementarity (molecular biology) complementary strand is built based on the sequence of a template stand. A microwell containing a template DNA strand to be sequenced is flooded with a single species of deoxyribonucleotide (dNTP). If the introduced dNTP is \o Complementarity (molecular biology) complementary to the leading template nucleotide it is incorporated into the growing complementary strand. This causes the release of a hydrogen ion that triggers a hypersensitive ion sensor, which indicates that a reaction has occurred. If homopolymer repeats are present in the template sequence multiple dNTP molecules will be incorporated in a single cycle. This leads to a corresponding number of released hydrogens and a proportionally higher electronic signal. This technology differs from other \o DNA sequencing sequencing technologies in that no modified nucleotides or optics are used. Ion semiconductor sequencing may also be referred to as ion torrent sequencing, pH-mediated sequencing, silicone sequencing, or semiconductor sequencing. It was developed by Ion Torrent Systems Inc. and was released in February 2010. [1] Ion Torrent have marketed their machine as a rapid, compact and economical sequencer that can be utilized in a large number of laboratories as a bench top machine. [2] Technology The incorporation of deoxyribonucleotide into a growing DNA strand causes the release of hydrogen and pyrophosphate. The release of hydrogen ions indicate if zero, one or more nucleotides were incorporated. Released hydrogens ions are detected by an ion sensor. Multiple incorporations lead to a corresponding number of released hydrogens and intensity of signal. Sequencing Chemistry In nature, the incorporation of a