葡萄病虫害防治手册定稿1.docVIP

目 录 葡萄虫害 葡萄斑叶蝉········································· 葡萄粉蚧··········································· 葡萄短须螨········································· 葡萄糖戚蚧壳虫····································· 印度树蟋··········································· 葡萄病害 葡萄毛毡病········································· 葡萄根瘤癌········································· 葡萄白粉病········································· 葡萄生理性病害 葡萄水罐子病······································· 葡萄日烧病(日灼病) ································ 葡萄裂果病········································· 葡萄突发性萎蔫····································· 除草剂危害········································· 葡萄落花落果症····································· 盐碱危害··········································· 葡萄缺氮症········································· 葡萄缺磷症········································· 葡萄缺钾症········································· 葡萄缺硼症········································· 葡萄缺锌症········································· 葡萄缺铁症········································· 葡萄斑叶蝉 葡萄斑叶蝉[Ezythroneuraapicahs(NaWa)]属于同翅目，叶蝉科。又名葡萄二星叶蝉,二星浮尘子。最近几年以来，随着葡萄面积的不断扩大，不合理引种及气候条件的改变，2000年7月在吐鲁番市亚尔乡上湖村4队50亩地葡萄上首次发现葡萄斑叶蝉后，到2002年发生面积达到了6.8万亩，爆发成灾对葡萄产业构成了威胁，成为危害吐鲁番市葡萄的主要害虫。我们经过两年的定点调查和大田普查，基本掌握了葡萄斑叶蝉在吐鲁番市的发生规律，并在掌握发生规律的基础上，通过重点抓防治示范区，将示范区的防治经验，推广应用到大田防治中，有效的控制了葡萄斑叶蝉迅速扩散蔓延的趋势。取得了显著的经济效益和社会效益。 一、危害症状 主要危害状：成虫、若虫聚集在叶片背面刺吸汁液，被害处形成针头大小的白色斑点，严重时白点连片叶片变薄，整个叶片褪绿，甚至脱落。其分泌物污染果实，影响果实品质。喜欢取食营养丰富比较成熟的叶片。 二、形态特征 1、成虫：体长2-2.6mm，加上翅长为2.9-3.3mm，身体淡黄色，头顶上有两个明显的圆形斑点，复眼黑色，其前缘有几个淡褐色小斑点大小不等的斑纹排成行列，但有时消失，中央有暗色纵纹 ，小盾片前缘左右各有一大三角形黑纹，足三对，其端爪为黑色，腹部的腹节背面中具有黑褐色斑块，翅半透明，黄色，有不规则的淡褐色或红褐色斑纹，因成虫发育期不同，其个体间翅面斑纹的大小及其颜色变化很大，有的虫体斑纹色深，有的则全无斑纹，其中以黄色型为多，雄虫色深，尾部有三叉状交配器，黑色稍弯曲，雌虫色淡，尾部有黑色的桑葚状产卵器，其上有突起。2、卵：卵为乳白色，稍透明，长约0.6mm，长椭圆形呈弯曲状，散布于叶背的叶脉中或茸毛间隙间，卵孵化以后产卵部位留下褐色斑痕。解剖得知，每雌每胎成熟卵粒6-8粒。3、若虫：初孵若虫的体长0.5mm，体呈白色，复眼红色，到了2-3龄时体变黄白色，4龄时体变菱形，体长约2mm，复眼变成暗褐色，胸部两侧可见明显的翅芽，它蜕一次皮后刚开始体嫩嫩的，在叶背面不运动，受惊后活动很慢，过一会儿就慢慢的变快，体细长，蜕的皮初是湿而透明的，过了一段时间后就干了。 三、发生规律 2002年在亚尔乡亚尔村，2003在年亚尔乡皮亚孜其拉村，以及葡萄乡达甫散盖村没有喷药的葡萄上进行定点调查和经常不定点调查，并结合大田普查掌握了葡