英语国家概况课件(修订版)__Chapter2.pptVIP

A Guide to English-Speaking Countries 1.1.6 The Norman Conquest Norman Conquest ( 诺曼征服 ) ? The military conquest of England by William, duke of Normandy. ? It is primarily affected by his decisive victory at the Battle of Hastings (Oct. 14, 1066) and results ultimately in profound political, administrative, and social changes in the British Isles. Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press A Guide to English-Speaking Countries 1.1.6 The Norman Conquest Immediately after Christmas 1066, William started building the Tower of London, the great fortress which demonstrated his power and dominated the city of London. Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press A Guide to English-Speaking Countries 1.2.1 Great Charter (Magna Carta) House of Anjou ( 安茹王朝 , 1154-1485) ? 14 kings ? Also known as the House of Plantagenet ( 金雀花王朝 ) ? transforming England into one of the most mature kingdoms in Europe ? Major Events: the Magna Carta ( 大宪章 ), Hundred Years War Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press A Guide to English-Speaking Countries 1.2.1 Great Charter (Magna Carta) ? In 1154, Henry II ascended the throne. ? Henry II reformed the courts and the laws: ? introduced the jury system ( 陪审团制度 ) ? institutionalized common law ? John ascended the throne in 1199. He demanded feudal taxes and army service. ? He was forced to sign the Magna Carta ( 大宪章 ). Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press A Guide to English-Speaking Countries 1.2.1 Great Charter (Magna Carta) The Magna Carta ? A charter originally issued in Latin in the year 1215. ? The charter first passed into law in 1225; the 1297 version, with the long title (originally in Latin) The Great Charter of the Liberties of England, and of the Liberties of the Forest, still remains on the statute books of England and Wales. ? Contained 63 clauses. ? Significance ? townspeople — freedom of trade and self-government ? merchants and craftsmen — for the first time as a new political force ? part of th