考研备考英语阅读突破——判断、推理和引申.pdfVIP

考研备考英语阅读突破——判断、推理 和引申 　面对判断原则的题目，考生必须先读懂题目所给的四个选项，记 住它们的意思，返回原文去扫描，搜 信息点，与题目不相关的句子、 语段很快掠过，相关信 语言区域则要求考生必须细致地对照原文中 的信息，来推倒出相关结论。 　　引申即为词汇的外延，与内涵相对，是需要我们结合上下文即 语境来理解说话人或作者的真实想法。例如，当你对你的朋友说：“咱 们周末一起去吃饭吧!”而你的朋友回答道：“我最近有考试。”那么在正 常情况下，你就知道对方没时间和你度周末。可见语境是我们理解话 语(discourse)的试金石。并且引申也常常用隐喻的方式表达。 　　【举例说明】判断、推理和引申原则有两种题型： 　　 1. 一正三误 　　要求考生找出四个选项中惟一正确的一个，检验答案时要注 意这种题型最常采用的 　　三种命题方式是：正话反说、反话正说和关键词替换。例 1997 年第 64 题： 　　No company likes to be told it is contributing to the moral 第 1 页 共 11 页 decline of nation. “ Is this what you intended to accomplish with your careers?” Senator Robert Dole asked Time Warner executives last week. “You have sold your souls, but must you corrupt our nation and threaten our children as well?” At Time Warner, however, such questions are simply the latest manifestation of the soul-searching that has involved the company ever since the company was born in 1990. Its a self-examination that has, at various times, involved issues of responsibility, creative freedom and the corporate bottom line. At the core of this debate is chairman Gerald Levin, 56, who took over for the late Steve Ross in 1992. On the financial front, Levin is under pressure to raise the stock price and reduce the companys mountainous debt, which will increase to $17.3 billion after two new cable deals close. He has promised to sell off some of the property and restructure the company, but investors are waiting impatiently. The flap over rap is not making life any easier for him. Levin has consistently defended the companys rap music on the grounds of expression. In