从句类型 定语从句.pptVIP

定语从句 ? 在复合句中起定语作用的从句叫定语从 句。它的作用是限制、描绘或说明、补 充主句中的某一单词、短语、另一从句 或整个主句。 Ⅰ . 限定性定语从句与非限定性定 语从句 ? 定语从句可分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句。两者之 间有以下几个方面的区别。 ? 1. 一般情况下，限定性定语从句紧接先行项，中间没有逗号，口 语中没有停顿。而非限定性定语从句则有逗号隔开，口语中有 停顿。这是限定性定语从句与非限定性定语从句表面结构上的 区别。 ? Examples: ? A man who doesnt learn from others cant hope to achieve much. ? This book was written by Xu Wu, who wrote many books and articles on the subject. ? 2. 限定性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的定语，如果将它省略，主 句意思将不完整。而非限定性定语从句的修饰作用减弱，而主 要对主句中某个词、词组或整句进一步补足说明，如果省略该 从句，也不致影响主句的完整性。 ? Examples: ? The microorganisms which cause disease are pathogenic. ? The microorganisms causing disease are pathogenic, which means disease-producing. ? 3. 同一个句子带有限定性定语从句或非限定性定语 从句在意义上有细微区别。 ? Examples: ? I have two sisters who are still at school. ? I have two sisters, who are still at school. ? 4. 限制性定语从句所修饰的词也就是先行词通常为 名词或代词，但不包括专有名词；非限制性定语从 句所修饰的可以是名词（包括专有名词）、短语、 另一从句或整个句子。 ? Examples: ? Is that the woman who wants to buy your car? ? Ive just met that Mrs.Smith -Perkis, who wants to buy your car. ? She said that her son would become an artist, which I thought possible. ? Tom is very active in sports, which his sister rarely is. ? He wore his swimming things in the office, which shocked his boss a great deal. 5. 限制性定语从句的主要作用是修饰其先行词；而非限定性定 语从句除了可以起修饰作用外，它还可以起延续叙述作用 和明确，注释作用。 ? Examples: ? The human body is composed of many organs, each of which has a special job to do. ? The process is called phagocytosis, by which is meant the ability to destroy the invading bacteria by engulfing them. 6. 限定性定语从句与非限定性定语从句的另一区另在于前者的 关系代词有时可以省略，而后者的关系代词无论作从句的 主语还是宾语都不能省略。 ? Examples: ? The speech which had been given by him was a great success. ? The speech which he made was a great success. ? The Victoria Line, which was opened in 1969, was Londons first complete new tube for 60 years. ? The Victoria Line, which the Queen opened in 1969, was Londons first complete new tube for 60 years. Ⅱ . 关系词的运用与选择 ? 连接和引导定语从句的关系词有： which, who, that, whom, whose, when, where, why, how. 还有可以当作关系