组织学与胚胎学英文课件------e24.ppt

Chapter 24 Development of digestive and respiratory system * digestive and respiratory system derived from primitive gut /foregut /midgut /hindgut ---epi. of digestive and respiratory system derived from endoderm ---CT and MT of digestive and respiratory system derived from splanchnic or visceral mesoderm 1. Development of digestive system 1) derivatives of pharyngeal pouch ---pharyngeal pouch: /outpocketings of endodermal lining of the primary pharynx (extends from the buccopharyngeal membrane to the tracheobronchial diverticulum) /5 pairs ---derivatives of pharyngeal pouch: ①?First pharyngeal pouch: ---distal portion: widen into a sac-like structure-middle ear cavity, the branchial membrane form tympanic membrane or eardrum ---proximal part: remain narrow to form the pharyngotympanic or Eustachian tube ② Second pharyngeal pouch: ---distal portion: obliterated ---remaining part proliferate and form primordium of the palatine tonsil ③ Third pharyngeal pouch: ---dorsal portion: differentiates into inferior parathyroid gland ---ventral part: cells differentiates and form two cell cords, fuse with each other behind the thorax to give rise to the promordium of the thymus ④ Fourth pharyngeal pouch: ---dorsal portion: forms superior parathyroid gland ---ventral portion: degenerates ⑤ Fifth pharyngeal pouch: ---gives rise to the ultimobranchial body, immigrate into thyroid and differentiate into parafollicular cells *development of thyroid gland ---thyroid primordium: by the 4th week, endodermal proliferation of the floor of primitive pharynx, then descends in front of the primitive pharynx as a bilobed diverticulum ---thyroglossal duct: a narrow canal connecting primitive pharynx with thyroid primordium, by the 6th week, becomes solid and disappears. ---foramen caecum: ---thyroglossal cyst and fistula: a cystic remnant of the thyroglossal duct, may be found at any point along the migratory path followed by the thyroid gland; somet