射影平面上的Lotka-Volterra叶层化.pdfVIP

叶层化的不变量是研究叶层化双有理几何的重要工具. 谈胜利[44] 引入了重要的叶层 化不变量 为了研究这些不变量的地理学问题 我们需要积累大量的例子 目前这些研究才 . , . 刚起步, 关于它们的例子还非常少. 因此计算各类经典叶层化的陈数, 是一项十分重要的工 作. 这篇论文详细研究了LotKa-Volterra 叶层化的不变量. 具体言之, 我们主要解决了以下 三类问题: (1) 将Lotka-Volterra 叶层化在射影等价意义下分成互不同构的11 类. (2) 精确计算了(I)–(V), (VII)–(IX) 型叶层化的不变量; 在参数满足一定条件时, 也计算了 其余几类叶层化的不变量. (3) 研究这些不变量的地理学问题. 这个研究的主要难点在于如何精确求出叶层化(未必相对极小) 的典范除子的Zariski 分解的负定部分. 我们在一定条件下解决了此困难. 为此, 我们充分使用了代数曲面理论和 叶层化理论的各种经典技巧, 将它们结合起来运用到论证中. 这也是本文的研究特色. 关键词. Lotka-Volterra 方程, 叶层化, Hirzebruch-Jung 链, Zariski 分解, 陈数 I Abstract The invariants of foliation are important tool for the study of birational geometry of foliations. Sheng-Li Tan [44] introduce three important invariants of surface foliations. In order to study the problem of geography of these invariants, we need many examples, but now we know little examples, and know little about the geography problem. So it’s essential to compute these invariants of many different classical foliations. This dissertation studies the invariants of LotKa-Volterra foliations. Concretely saying, we mainly solve the following three problems: (1) Classify Lotka-Volterra foliation under the projective equivalent into 11 classes. (2) Compute the invariants of foliations defined by equations(I)–(V), (VII)–(IX); When pa- rameters satisfy some explicit conditions, and compute some invariants of other foliations. (3) Study the problem of geography about these invariants. The difficulty of the study is how to calculate the negative part of Zariski decomposition for the canonical divisor of foliation(may not be relatively minimal) explicitly. We solve this difficulty in conditions. We make full use of many classical techniques of algebraic surfaces and foliation to solve this problem, and combine