6.2.1 Structure and properties of ceramics 译文材料导论.pdf

Structure and properties of ceramics Hello, everyone, we are going to talk about structure and properties of ceramics. 译文： 大家好，我们来谈谈陶瓷的结构和性能。 The properties of solid and the arranged way of atoms are determined by the nature and direction of the interatomic bonds holding the solid together. 固体性质和原子排列方 式是由原子键的性质和方向所决定的。 译文： 固体性质和原子排列方式是由原子键的性质和方向所决定的。 Therefore, it is necessary to understand how and why a solid is glued together. Ceramics are composed of at least two elements; their structures are more complicated than those of metals. 陶瓷是由至少两种元素组成的，它们的结构比金属要复杂得 多。 译文: 陶瓷是由至少两种元素组成的，它们的结构比金属要复杂得多。 Most metals are face-centered cubic, body-centered cubic, or hexagonal close-packed. 大多数金属都是以面心立方，体心立方，或者是密排六方结构。 译文： 大多数金属都是以面心立方，体心立方，或者是密排六方结构。 But, the structure of most ceramics varies from relatively simple to highly complex. Being compounds, ceramics are made of different types of atoms of varying sizes. 但 是大多数陶瓷结构是从相对简单到高度复杂。陶瓷是由不同大小的原子构成的。 译文： 但是大多数陶瓷结构是从相对简单到高度复杂。陶瓷是由不同大小的原子构成的。 For example, clay is a complex mixture of silicates. Approximately 90% of the earths crust consists of silicates, the starting material for a wide variety of products including tile, bricks, cement, glass, and china. 例如，粘土是一种复杂的硅酸盐混合结构。大部分90%的地壳是由硅酸盐组成的， 它是一种用于各种产品的原料，包括瓦片、砖块、水泥、玻璃以及瓷器。 译文： 例如，粘土是一种复杂的硅酸盐混合结构。大约90%的地壳是由硅酸盐组成的， 它是一种用于各种产品的原料，包括瓦片、砖块、水泥、玻璃以及瓷器。 The basic unit of the silicate structure is the SiO4 tetrahedron. Silicon is one of seven semimetals in the periodic table, it is a hard, gray, semiconductive solid that melts at o 1410 C. In nature it is generally found combined with O in silica and in various silicate minerals. Oxygen and silicon together account for about 75% of the earth’s crust. More than 1000 different silicates occur naturally, depending on the different ways the SiO4 tetrahedra can be linked. 硅酸盐结构的基本单位是硅氧四面体。硅是元素周期表中半金属中的一种，它是