国际航行英语 4船上娱乐 Nautical Charts20191206.pptVIP

Nautical Charts Zhejiang institute of communication Nautical Charts Nautical Publications Reliance on Charts and Associated Publications Assessing the Reliability of a Chart Surveying Chart Compilation Ocean Charting MULTIPLE CHOICES Reliance on Charts and Associated Publications Whilst every effort is made to ensure the accuracy of the information on Admiralty charts and in other publications, it should be appreciated that the information may not always be complete, up-to-date or positioned to modern surveying standards and that information announced by Radio Navigational Warnings or Admiralty Notices to Mariners because of its immediate importance cannot always be verified before promulgation. Furthermore, it is sometimes necessary to defer the promulgation of certain less important information. No chart is infallible. Every chart is liable to be incomplete, either through imperfections in the survey on which it is based, or through subsequent alterations to the topography or sea floor. Reliance on Charts and Associated Publications However, in the vicinity of recognized shipping lanes charts may be used with confidence for normal navigational needs. The mariner must be the final judge of the reliance he can place on the information given, bearing in mind his particular circumstances, safe and prudent navigation, local pilotage guidance and the judicious use of available navigational aids. Ships take the ground when the draught exceeds the depth of water. The practice of running and observing the echo sounder anywhere near shoal water considerably reduces the possibility of grounding due to navigational error. Assessing the Reliability of a Chart  Apart from any suspicious inconsistencies disclosed in the course of using a chart, the only means available to the mariner of assessing its reliability is by examining it. Charts should be used with prudence: there are areas where the source data are old, incomplete or of poor quality.