被动语态讲解及练习(附答案).docx

初中被动语态讲解及配套练习 一、主动语态与被动语态的概念： 英语动词的语态有两种：⑴主动语态：表示 主语是动作的执行者 ⑵被动语态：表示 主语是动作的承受者（常常没在有必要指出动作的执行者情况下使用 ） 例：They speak English.（主动语态） 主 谓 宾 En glish is spoke n by them. （被动语态） 主 谓 介词短语 注：☆及物动词有被动语态，不及物动词必须带有介词才可以有被动语态。 例：⑴ We listen to the teacher carefully in class. 主 谓 宾 Hewas laughed atby us. He was laughed at by us. tThe teacher is liste ned to by us carefully in class. 主 谓 介词短语 ⑵W e laughed at him . 被动语态的结构与用法: ㈠结构：be +done （过去分词） 被动语态中的be为助动词，无意义。be可能是am , is , are 也可能是was ,were或原 形be 。 注：☆被动语态的时态是由be的时态决定的，be是什么时态，全句就是什么时态， be后面的过去分词不变。 ㈡用法： 例：①H istory is made by the people.（般现在时 )T he cars were made in Tianjing in 1995.（ 例：①H istory is made by the people.（ 般现在时 ) T he cars were made in Tianjing in 1995.（ The tree will be cut dow n n ext year.（ 一 T he room must be kept clean. The door is being ope ned. The film has bee n see n by me. 时态 动词的被动形式 一般现在时 is done 一般过去时 was done 一般将来时 will be done 现在进行时 is being done 过去进行时 was being done 现在完成时 has been done 过去完成时 had been done 过去将来时 would be done 注：我们初中主要掌握前面四种的用法 一般过去时 ） 般将来时 ） （含有情态动词的被动语态） 现在进行时） （现在完成时） 例句 He is asked to do this. The story was told by her mother. The problem will be discussed tomorrow. The novel is being written. At that time the desk was being made. The house has been built. They said that their work had been finished. He said the trees would be planted soon. 三、 被动语态的各种句型： 、 T he song is liked by young people. （ 肯定句 ） 2、 T he song isn t liked by young people （否定句） 3、 3、 Is the song liked by young people 一般疑问句) 4、Who is the song liked by ?=By whom is the song liked? （特殊疑问句） 四、 主动语态改被动语态的方法： 方法分为三步：⑴把原句中的 宾语改成主语 ⑵动词改为变动形式 be done（ 同时注意时态 ） ⑶原来的主语如果需要的话放在介词 by 后面，以指明做事的 人或物，如果没有必要则省去 例： The man killed a tiger. f A tiger was killed by the man .（ 改的过程中要注意时态和语态两个方面 ） 五、 特殊句型的被动语态： ⑴含 有使 役动词（ make /let /have ）或感 官动词 （hear ,see, listen to ,look at ,find ,watch,feel 等）的句子，在主动语态中这些词后 常跟不带 to 的动词不定式 ，但 是在改成被动语态时 ，则一定要把省去的 to 再加上去 ，另外 help 这一个词在主动语态 中后面的动词不定式可以带to,也可不带to,但在被动语态中也必须把to加上去。 例：① Mother often