非营利组织人员动员机制研究——美国食物银行的经验及对中国的启示.pdfVIP

摘 要 志愿服务在党的群众工作和基层社会治理 领域具有独特的优势，是实现国 家治理体系和治理能力现代化的重要组成。非营利组织是志愿活动开展的重要载 体。该论文拟以美国典型的非营利组织——食物银行为研究对象，运用个人与社 会关系和“人在情境中”的理论，从志愿者动员的内外部条件入手，分析志愿者 是通过何种渠道参与志愿活动的，探讨美国的非营利组织如何有效利用志愿者资 源以及背后的组织动员机制。剖析非营利组织应如何与志愿者建立联系，并利用 社会关系网络为自己提供人力资本，与志愿者达到互惠互利的一个目的。文章通 过个案研究法，了解以食物银行为代表的美国非营利组织是如何鼓励志愿者积极 参与机构活动，进而分析机构在志愿者方面的所做的工作，如机构志愿者文化、 志愿者招募、志愿者激励措施、志愿者管理等。根据机构志愿者工作的实际展开 情况和相关社会工作理论得出自己的认识，从动员主体、动员客体、动员环境、 动员方式、动员目标和动员资本六个方面总结出美国非营利组织动员志愿者的一 般模式，给中国非营利组织动员志愿者资源提供参考。 关键词：非营利组织；社会动员；志愿者；动员机制 Ⅰ Abstract Voluntary service has unique advantages in the mass work of the party and the field of social governance at the grass-roots level. It is an important component of the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity. Non-profit organizations are important carriers of voluntary activities. This paper takes food bank, a typical non-profit organization in the United States, as the research object, using the theory of personal and social relations and people in the situation, starting with the internal and external conditions of volunteer mobilization, analyzes the channels through which volunteers participate in volunteer activities, and discusses how the non-profit organizations in the United States effectively use volunteer resources and the organization mobilization mechanism behind it. This paper analyzes how non-profit organizations should establish contact with volunteers, and use social network to provide human capital for themselves, so as to achieve mutual benefit with volunteers. Through case study, this paper aims to understand how American non-profit organizations, represented by food bank, encourage volunteers to actively participate in the activities of the