关系从句知识讲解.docVIP

关系从句（Relative clauses）/定语从句（Attributive clauses） 　　关系从句又可称为定语从句或形容词从句，它像形容词一样可以形容人、物及事件。关系从句可分为限定性（defining）关系从句（不带逗号）和非限定性（non-defining）关系从句（带逗号）。我们在这里只讨论限定性关系从句。 关系代词可以有四个概念: ① 代人的, 做主语或宾语who，只做宾语的whom ② 代物的, 做主语或宾语which ③ 代人的也可以代物的做主语或宾语that ④ whose其代表的东西由其在句子中的成分_____决定(不一定指人) 　　不论这些关系代词指的是单数还是复数，其形式都保持不变。关系代词在关系从句中作宾语时往往可以省略，作主语时则不可以： 　　This is the photo (that/which) I took.这是我拍的照片。 　　The man (who/whom) I served was wearing a hat.我接待的那个人戴着一顶帽子。 　　The lady who is standing behind the counter served me.接待我的是站在柜台后面的那位女士。 　　I bought the books which are on the counter.我买的就是柜台上的那些书。 　　The millionaire whose son ran away from home a week ago is not a kind father.有个儿子一周前从家里逃走的那位百万富翁不是个慈父。 　　The girls who are standing behind the counter served us.接待我们的是站在柜台后面的那几位姑娘。 关系代词that和which的用法区别： 在定语从句中，当先行词是指物时，关系代词which可以由that代替，如果which不在介词之后，也可省略。在日常用语或口语中，which不作主语时可以省略。例： Did you take away the book(which/that）I showed you yesterday? 你把我昨天给你看的那本书拿走了吗？ The hotel at which we stayed was both cheap and comfortable. 我们住的那家旅馆既便宜又舒适。 This is certainly not the book for which I paid./This is certainly not the book I paid for. 这肯定不是我付钱买的那本书。 但两者之间还有一定的区别，必须予以足够的重视。 一.that仅用在限制性定语从句中，通常不用逗号隔开，作宾语或介词宾语时，that 可以省去。例： The letter that came this morning is from my father. 今晨收到的那封信是我父亲寄来的。 The watch(that)you gave me keeps perfect time. 你给我的那块手表走得准极了。 The photographs(that) youre looking at were taken by my brother. 你正看的这些相片是我弟弟照的。 二.which既可用在限制性定语从句中，作宾语或介词宾语时，which可以省去，也可用在非限制性定语从句中。例： Did you see the letter that/which came today? 今天来的信你看到了没有？ This is the one of which Im speaking./This is the one Im speaking of. 这就是我说的那一个。 He changed his mind, which made me angry. 他改变了主意，使我很生气。 He admires Mrs.Brown, which surprises me. 他钦佩布郎太太，这使我感到惊奇。 三.当先行词是不定代词或被它们修饰时，要用that，不用which，作宾语时可以省去。 例： All that can be done has been done. 凡能做的事都已经做了。 You cant believe anything she says. 她所说的什么话你都不能相信。 Theres nothing you can do to help. 你做什么也无能为力了。 I hope that the little that Ive b