人类文史=材料发展史.pptVIP

第一章:绪论 高分子材料学简介 人类的文明史二材料的发展史 材料包括: 金属材料 无机非金属村料 有机高分子材料 复合村料 INTRODUCTION Advancement in technology is directly associated with the development of new materials History is often dated by the materials of most importance to the society, i.e the Stone, Bronze, and Iron Ages The most important materials in the modern society are plastics, ceramics, and steel HISTORY Natura/ Macromolecules A living organism is a complex machine, most functions of which are performed by macromolecules DNA, RNA, ribosomes, proteins, cellulose, starches, and a host of other biologically important substances are all macromolecules From the very beginning of civilization, humans made technological use of natural macromolecules: leather, fur, wool, wood, cotton, flax, paper, natural rubber, etc Man-made(Synthetic) Macromolecules 1839 Elastic property improvement of natural rubber by vulcanization 1870 Commercialization of celluloid(75% cellulose nitrate 1892 Preparation of rayon textile fibbers 1910 Phenol-formaldehyde resins-first fully-synthetic polymers 1920 Staudingers hypothesis of macromolecules 1930 Firm establishment of the concept of polymers Nobel Prizes for Polymer Science 1953 H. Staudinger Introduction of the concept of polymers(but not colloids) 1963 K Ziegler and G. Natta Discovery of coordination polymerization catalysts and preparation of stereoregular polymers 1974 P J. Flory Theoretical and experimental contributions to fundamental principles of polymer science 1991 G. de Gennes Successful mathematical treatment of phase transition phenomena of polymers, liquid crystals, and super- conducting materials 2000 A J Heeger, A. G. MacDiarmid, and H. Shirakawa Discovery and development of conductive polymers Polymers Are Everywhere 高分子材料的应用 衣 辱 行 用 科技 Polymers Are Everywhere National missile defense National Missile Defense program Enemy missile 我们骄做: 高分子概念的形成和高分子科的 出现始于20世纪20年代,但高分子 村料是近50年发展最快的村料 1996年塑料与金属材料的体积比达 到130%