认知心理学第一章.ppt

Introduction to Cognitive Psychology Lecturer: Dr. Siyun Liu Philosophical Antecedents of Psychology In the Renaissance and Beyond Plato Rationalist Reasoning Logical analysis Aristotle: All men by nature desire knowledge Empiricist Experience Observation Cognitive Psychology Rationalist + Empiricist Philosophical Antecedents of Psychology 17th century French rationalist: Rene Descartes Agree with Plato Introspective & reflective method superior to empirical methods British empiricist: John Locke Agree with Aristotle Philosophical Antecedents of Psychology 18th century German philosopher: Immanuel Kant Both rationalism and empiricism are important influence 19th century Establishment of psychology 20th century (1950s-1960s) Establishment of cognitive psychology Psychological Antecedents of Cognitive Psychology Early Dialectics (辨证法) in the Psychology of Cognition Structuralism First major school of thought in psychology Understand the structure of the mind, its perceptions in analyzing objects Wilhelm Wundt : introspection Looking inward at pieces of information passing through consciousness Structuralism Wilhelm Wundt (1832-1920) Wundt in his Leipzig Laboratory Psychological Antecedents of Cognitive Psychology Functionalism An alternative to structuralism Focus on the process of thought rather than its contents William James: --Henry James guide functionalism toward pragmatism “Principles of Psychology” John Dewey: Early pragmatist Pragmatic approach to thinking and schooling William James (1842-1910) John Dewey (1859～1952) Psychological Antecedents of Cognitive Psychology Associationism How events or ideas can become associated with one another in the mind to result in a form of learning Hermann Ebbinghaus First applied associationism principles systematically Studied and observed his own mental process Studies how people learn and remember materials through rehearsal Edward Lee Thorndike Doctoral Thesis: Animal Intelligence: An Experimental Stud