英语构词法之合成法和混成法.pptVIP

合成法 COMPOUNDING COMPOUNDING Concept Characteristics Formation Concept 将两个或两个以上的词合成一个新 词的构词法称为合成法 Compounding: a process by which a compound lexeme is derived from two or more simpler exemes Characteristics to distinguish a compound from a free phrase Semantic Features(语义学标准): a compound has it own semantic features rather than the meaning combination of each word E. g. greenhouse vs green house Orthographic Features(正字法标准): Compounds are written in various way Eg.a.Soid(字间不留空的): bedroom, newspaper, horseback; b. Hyphenated(用连字符连接的): part-time,good- looking c.Open(字间留空的: air force, air raid, black list, black sea Phonological Features(音位学标准): compounds have a high or unity stress in the first component E compounds phrases bluebird a blue bird blackboard a black board Grammatical Features(语法特征): compounds have their own grammatical features e.g. v.+n. breakwater n n+-ed homemade adj adj+-ed newborn adj 扬声器 loudspeaker rather than louder speaker Formation 合成名词( Noun compounds 合成动词( Verb compounds) 合成形容词( Adjective compounds) 合成副词和合成代词 (Adverb compounds and Pronoun compounds) 合成名词 NOUN COMPOUNDS 方式 例词 名词+名词 football, notebook, seafood, hand-book 形容词+名词 backboard, first-class, green house 动名词+名词 waiting-room, writing-desk, sleeping bag 动词+名词 pickpocket, turn-coat, sleepwalker 副词+名词 income, overcoat, inland 代词+名词 he-goat, she-wolf. 名词+介词+名词 father-in-lan, editor-in-chig 动词+副词 take-off, breakup, breakdown 副词+动词opt, download, overflow, 合成动词 VERB COMPOUNDS 构成方式例词 名词+动词 sleepwalk, waterski, daydream, sunbathe 梦游滑水做白日梦沐日光浴 副词+动词 overcome, overeat, upload, uphold 克服吃太多上传维护 形容词+副词 whitewash, quick- charge, blacklist, ill-treat. 刷白快速充电列入黑名单虐待 其它方式 blow-dry spin-dry 吹干甩干 合成形容词 ADJECTIVE COMPOUNDS 构成方式 例词 过去分词或ed词尾kind- hearted, middle-agea,new-bom 好心的 中年的 新生的 ing词尾 good-looking, easy-goung, man-eating 好看的 随和的吃人的 形+名或名+形 full-time, first-class, ice-cold, brand-new 全职的头等的冰冷的全新的 其它方式 two-hour, out-door, up-hill, see-through 两小时的户外的上山的透明的 合成副词和合成代词 C ADVERB COMPOUNDS AND