凝聚态光物理学Classicalpropagation.docxVIP

2 2 Classical propagation 2 2 Classical propagation 2.1 Propagation of light in a dense optical medium e oscillator model an isotropy: birefri ngence Two propagation parameters: Two propagation parameters: n, a ^ gapter 2 Classical propagation = Eq” f), k - (n + zK)co/c Model: Light: electromagnetic wave Atom and molecule: classical dipole oscillator 门(co), a (co) 2.1 Propagation of light in a dense optical medium Three types of oscillators: bound electron (atomic) oscillator vibrational oscillator; p⑴=―祇⑴p(/u\free electron oscillators p⑴=―祇⑴ p( /u\ mic oscillators2.1 Propagation of light in a dense optical medium mic oscillators If co h cdO, non? resona nt, tran spare nt If co = co0, resonant absorption(Beers law)h co = E If co = co0, resonant absorption (Beers law) h co = E2~ E〔 re-radiated phot on - lumin esce radiati on less transition 一 the origin of n Vibrational oscillators a.polar molecule (an ionic optical medium)Infrared spectral region a.polar molecule (an ionic optical medium) In a crystalline solid form the condensation of polar molecules, these oscillations are associated with lattice vibratio ns (pho no ns). Free electron oscillators Free electrons, Ks=0, cd0 = 0 Drude-Lorentz model 2.2 The dipole oscillator model 2.2 The dipole oscillator model 2.2 The dipole oscillator model 2.2 The dipole oscillator model The Lorentz oscillator The macroscopic polarization of medium P: d2X 2 n m() + m^x = 0, mN ? m0 d2x dx 2 厂c、 加 o —r + — + m^x = -eE(t) dr at Light wave will drive oscillations at its own Freque ncy: Presonant 二助二 ~NeX Ne2 1 7 ? E m0 (coo - co*■- zyco) E(t) = Eo cos?/+ e) EolHe(exp(-z(cor +(}))) E0SRe(exp(-za)/)) The electric displacement D: D = s{}E + P =勺 E + Pbac kground + =勺 E + ￡()光E + Presonatu - Thus resonant (exp(—Z(3f + 0))) exp(-zcor)) Ne2 6(0)= 1+/+ (2 2 ?、 Mo(◎)_ ? _ g) /、i Ne1 g^-co1 g](°) = l + Z + —5 7-5~~- M()(? -CD-} +() Ne1 yco 勺（0）勺加o（4： /）2 +（w）2 im^Xoe~l^r + 加()3：X()e_s =-eEoe~^r 9 . or zyco 2.2 The dipole oscillator model