变态心理学 microsoft powerpoint 演示文稿.pptxVIP

Psychology and science 2; 心理学 是 or 不是 科学的; To fully investigate whether psychology, despite its problem, is justified in calling itself a science, we must first outline what a science consists of, and then see how well psychology matches these criteria.;A science consists of various components： A subject matter Good theories and hypotheses Scientific methodology;The scientific method Within a paradigm ↓ Hypotheses are derived ↓ From theories ↓ To be tested in scientific ways ↓ Against the world/reality ↓ To support or refute those theories;A subject matter The subject matter of a science is what the science is about. There should be agreement amongst researchers about what should be studied and how. Kuhn used the term ‘paradigm’ to describe this shared set of assumption, methods and terminology.; 他是西方科学哲学中历史-社会学派最主要的代表，提出了一种新颖的科学观，即把科学看作一定的科学共同体按照一套共有的“范式”所进行的专业活动 库恩的右眼先天性失明，自小便由家庭教师授业。 15岁直接进入大学。在约翰·霍普金斯大学，获得人类生物学学士学位后，库恩22岁时在加利福尼亚大学洛杉矶分校获得人脑学博士学位，这使得库恩在简历中获得了科学家的身份。;According to Kuhn’s theory of the progression of science, paradigms go through changes over time, through three historical stages: Pre-science, where there is no universally accepted paradigm. Normal science, where researches work sharing the same paradigm. Revolution, where conflicting evidence becomes so overwhelming that a paradigm-shift occurs to a new perspective; Thus, the majority view at one time was that the earth was flat and was the center of the universe, but this view became more and more criticized until it was superseded. Similarly, the Newtonian paradigm of physics was replaced by Einstein’s which better fitted the facts of, for example, planetary motion.;Psychology’s subject matter Does psychology have a unified subject matter and paradigm?; Kuh