初中被动语态及习题.docxVIP

学习必备 欢迎下载 被动语态(The?passive?Voice) 一、被动语态(Te?Passive?Voice)：语态是英语动词的一种形式，用来说明主语和谓语之间的关系，即主动 语态和被动语态。主动语态是动作的执行者做主语，被动语态是动作的承受者做主语。只有及物动词才有被 动语态。例如： The?boys?like?football.男孩儿喜欢足球。(主动语态) Football?is?liked?by?the?boys.足球被男孩儿喜欢。(被动语态) 二、被动语态的构成：被动语态的构成形式是?be+及物动词的过去分词(P.P)，其中动词?be?是助动词， 有人称和数的变化，其变化规则与其作连系动词时完全一样。被动语态的否定句是在第一个助动词后加not， 一般疑问句是把第一个助动词提前放到句首。主要时态的被动语态的结构和肯定句、否定句及一般疑问句总 结如下： *一般现在时：am/is/are+P.P Our?classroom?is?cleaned?every?day. Our?classroom?is?not?cleaned?every?day. Is?our?classroom?cleaned?every?day?Yes,it?is.No,it?isnt. *一般过去时：was/were+P.P Our?classroom?was?cleaned?yesterday. Our?classroom?wasnt?cleaned?yesterday. Was?our?classroom?cleaned?yesterday?Yes,it?was.No,it?wasnt. *一般将来时：will+be+P.P Our?classroom?will?be?cleaned?tomorrow. Our?classroom?wont?be?cleaned?tomorrow. Will?our?classroom?be?cleaned?tomorrow? Yes,it?will. No,it?wont. *现在完成时：have/has+been+P.P Our?classroom?has?been?cleaned. Our?classroom?hasnt?been?cleaned. Has?our?classroom?been?cleaned?Yes,it?has.No,it?hasnt. *现在进行时：am/is/are+being+P.P Our?classroom?is?being?cleaned?now. Our?classroom?isnt?being?cleaned?now. Is?our?classroom?being?cleaned?now?Yes,it?is.No,it?isnt. *情态动词：can/must/may/should+be+P.P Our?classroom?must?be?cleaned?well. Our?classroom?mustnt?be?cleaned?well. Must?our?classroom?be?cleaned?well? 学习必备 欢迎下载 Yes,it?must.No,it?needent.(must?提问，否定回答用?neent.) 三、被动语态的用法 1.不知道动作的执行者是谁。例如：Knives?are?used?for?cutting?things. 2.没有必要指出动作的执行者。This?desk?is?made?of?wood. 3.强调动作的承受者。English?is?spoken?by?many?people. 四、主动语态变成被动语态的方法： 1.把主动语态的宾语变成被动语态的主语。 2.把主动结构的谓语动词变为被动结构。 3.把主动结构的主语变为介词?by?的宾语。(在含义明确时，by?短语可以省略。)例如： Students?should?speak?English?in?and?out?of?class. (主语) (宾语) English?should?be?spokenin?and?out?of?class?by?students. (主语) (介词宾语) 五、需要注意的几个问题。 (一)用不带“to”的不定式作宾语补足语的句子，变被动语态时，不定式符号“to”不能省略。 例如： 1.The?boss?made?the?workers?work?14?hours?a?day. The?workers?were?made?to?work?14?hours?a?day. 2.He?saw?the?teacher?go?into?the?office?just?now. The?teacher?was?seen?to?go?into?the?office