生物学基础论文.pdfVIP

关于物种形成的理解 摘要 ： 本文就物种的概念、 形成方式、 形成原因进行了一定的研究与思 考，重点考虑了地理成种和非地理成种两种成种方式。 物种形成是指 由物种通过各种机制进化出新物种的过程， 是进化生物学领域最基本 也是最重要的问题之一。 从根本上来说， 物种形成是生物学多样性产 生的基本机制。尽管达尔文在《物种起源》中就已经提出，自然选择 是物种形成的主导因素（ Darwin,1859 ）, 但一直以来，物种形成过程 一般被认为是由随机过程导致的。 直到生殖隔离的概念被提出， 自然 选择在物种形成中的作用才重新受到重视， 并认为物种形成是与地理 因素存在着重要的关系。 本文对物种形成进行了较为详细的介绍， 并 就在生殖隔离与物种形成方式上进行较为详细的论述。 关键词 : 物种形成；生殖隔离；地理成种；非地理成种； 。 Abstract： In this paper, the species of the concept, form and forming reason was research and thinking, mainly considering the geography into species and geographical into two ways. Speciation refers to the process of new species evolve by species through various mechanisms, evolutionary biology is one of the most basic and most important problems. Fundamentally, speciation is a basic mechanism of biological diversity. Although Darwin has been put forward in the origin of species, natural selection is a dominant factor of speciation (Darwin, 1859), but for a long time, the speciation process are commonly believed to be caused by random process. Until the concept of the reproductive isolation is put forward, the role of natural selection in speciation is only to be taken seriously, and that speciation is there exists important relationship with geographical factors. In this paper, the speciation are discussed in detail, and on the reproductive isolation and speciation methods are detailed in this paper. Keywords:Speciation;Reproductiveisolation;Geographyinto a kind of;The geography into a kind of. 一、引言 [1] 物种，简称“种”，是生物分类学研究中的基本单元和核心， 也是物种多样性研究的基础和前提。 物种的形成和物种的概念及划分 问题一样，是科学界一大难题。 由于没有谁能完全经历自然界中物种 的形成过程， 所以，很多成种方式或者成种理论在很大程度上都是推 测性的。因为仅