现在完成时的构成.docxVIP

现在完成时的构成 have∕?has?+?P.P. 现在完成时的用法 1?完成 表示过去的动作对现在的影响。Already?.yet ever just before He?has?lost?his?key. 2?还完成?从过去一直持续到现在，是否持续下去不知道。 ⑴?一次性动作完成的 与?just?连用，表示刚刚完成的动作或状态（just?放在?have∕has?与?P.P. 之间）。 I?have?just?had?lunch.?He?has?just?finished?his?homework. ①already?已经?肯定句中或句尾 例:?I?have?already?found?my pen.?=?I?have?found?my?pen?already. ②yet?已经?否定句和疑问句句尾?例：I?have?not?finished?the work?yet. Have?you?bought?a?computer?yet? I?have?already?bought the?computer. 例：Have?you?ever?seen?pandas? never?从不 句中 例：I?have?never?been?to?Beijing. before?以前 句尾 例：I?have?never?been?there?before. how?many?times?多少次?three?times How?many?times?has?he?been?to?Beijing? havehasgone?to?去了某地 例：He?has?gone?to?Beijing (去了北京) havehasbeen?to?去过某地 例：He?has?been?to?Beijing. (去过北京) ⑵?表示动作发生在过去，持续到现在，有可能延续到将来，常与 since“自从…”（后面跟一点时间）for（后面跟一段时间）连用。 I?have?learned?English?since?2000. He?has?lived?there?for?10?years. 例：He?has?bought?the?book?for?3?years. 1)He?has?bought?the book 2)He?bought?the?book?3?years?ago 3)It’s?3?years?since?he?bought?the?book..It?is?three?hours?since?he?got here?. （ ④?He?has?not?bought?the?book?for?3?years.?（改为否定句） 5)?He?has?had?the?book?for?3?years. ①come/arrive/get?to/reach?→?be?here 例：I?have?come?here?for?3?years.（错） 改为：I?have?been?here?for?3?years. ②leave/go?→be?away 例：He?has?left?for?3?hours.（错） 改为：He?has?been?away?for?3?hours. ③begin/start?→be?on 例：The?film?has?begun?for?3?minutes.（错） 改为：The?film?has?been?on?for?3?minutes. ④open?→be?open?/?close?→?be?closed 例：The?shop?has?opened?for?3?years.(错) 改为：The?shop?has?been?open?for?3?years. ⑤die?→be?dead 例：His?father?has?died?for?3?years. 改为：His?father?has?been?dead?for?3?years. ⑥finish/end→?be?over 例：He?has?finished?the?work?for?3?days.(错) 改为：The?work?has?been?over?for?3?days ⑦join 例：I?have?joined?the?army?for?3?years.（错） 改为：I?have?been?in?the?army?for?3?years.?或?I?have?been?a?soldier?for?3?years. ⑧buy?/catch?→?have 例：I?have?bought?the?bike?for?3?years.（错） 改为：I?have?had?the?bike?for?3?years. 例：He?has?caught?a?cold?for?3?days.（错） 改为：He