3-6 Approximants数字时代的商务英语写作.pdf

Unit 3 Consonants 3.6 Approximants Clear [l] The ‘clear’ [l] occurs before vowel sounds (as in leaf [li:f]). It may appear  in word initial position : light and late,  in word initial clusters:p lay and blow,  in word medial position : silly and ye llow,  in word final, before following vowel or /j/ : all over and will you . ‘Dark’ [ɫ] The ‘dark’ [ɫ] distributes  in word-final position, after vowel: call and real, and also after vowel, before consonant: cold and help .  syllabic [ɫ]: little and table̩ ‘Dark’ [ɫ] cold /kəʊld/ ≠ [kəʊrd] Note that the tongue-tip remains in contact with the teeth ridge and never moves back towards hard palate. ‘Dark’ [ɫ] bottle [bɒtɫ̩] ≠ [bɒtɔɫ] needle [ni:dɫ̩] ≠ [ni:dɔɫ] apple [æpɫ̩] ≠ [æpɔɫ] Never squeeze a vowel sound [ɔ] or [ʊ] between the syllabic consonant [ɫ]̩ Words with clear [l] initial position: love line, language initial clusters: play, blow, climb medial position: silly, peeling, alone final, before following vowel or /j/: all over, will you Words with dark [ɫ] Mid position: cold field help elbow child spoilt Final position: feel pale coal fill dull well Syllabic [ɫ]:̩ apple table little noodle uncle eagle Sentences with clear [l] dark [ɫ] A sentence with clear [l] I like lollipops, too, but what I really like is chocolate and vanilla ice cream. A sentence with dark [ɫ] My Uncle Phil is old and wrinkled. He travels all round the world and sells beautiful jewe ls. Allophonic variants of /r/ retroflex (卷舌) [r] RP /r/ tap orflap (跳舌音或闪音) [ɾ] Retroflex [r] Words with [r] (in ini