宽带大景深准无衍射天线研究.pdfVIP

摘要 针对机械旋转式准无衍射波束二维扫描天线扫描速度慢，景深和焦斑大小不 可变，波束赋形不灵活，旋转伺服机构功耗大可靠性低的弊端，提出了一种新型宽 带宽角高速可编程数字电磁表面，完成了馈电、控制、实时编码一体化集成，用以 实现准无衍射波束的电控高速扫描。提出了数字电磁表面口径场相位分布离散化 的优化方法，能有效提升天线增益或增大波束景深。设计制作了包含 400 个可编 程电磁表面单元的样品天线并进行实验验证，可编程数字电磁表面采用标准四层 印刷电路板(PCB)工艺，整体功耗小于10W ，整体剖面厚度小于5mm ，波束扫描频 次可达40000 次/秒。该数字电磁表面采用在线编程技术，波束的指向、景深和焦 斑大小都可实时动态调控。实验表明，该天线的相对带宽达33%，基本实现X 波 段全覆盖，波束在俯仰角0°~60°，方位角0°~360°的范围内实现二维扫描。 关键词：准无衍射波束，近场天线，超材料表面，数字电磁表面，波束赋形 III ABSTRACT ABSTRACT Diffraction is the common phenomenon of the electromagnetic wave propagating in space, which limits the ability of electromagnetic wave to propagate in a localized way. The non-diffractive beam can avoid the diffraction in a certain area to realize the directional and localized propagation of the electromagnetic wave. It is widely used in many fields, such as wireless energy transmission, terahertz space waveguide, near-field detection, microwave medical treatment, near-field ultra-high-speed communication and others. However, the study of non-diffractive beam antenna is still in an initial stage, with some drawbacks like non-uniform evaluation criterias, low frequency, narrow bandwidth, short non-diffractive distance, and fixed beam direction. There are still many problems that deserve to be studied in millimeter-wave non-diffractive beam antennas. Based on the theory of non-diffractive beam, this dissertation mainly studies the generation, steering and scanning of the non-diffractive beam with large depth-of-field in millimeter- wave band. The main work of this dissertation is summarized as follows. Since the bandwidth definition of the quasi-non-diffractive beam is not specific, two kinds of evaluation criteria of the bandwidth of quasi-non-diffractive beam antenna are proposed, namel