生物化学：第7章 氨基酸代谢.pptVIP

（二）四氢叶酸是一碳单位的载体 FH4的生成 F FH2 FH4 FH2还原酶 FH2还原酶 NADPH+H+ NADP+ NADPH+H+ NADP+ FH4携带一碳单位的形式 （一碳单位通常是结合在FH4分子的N5、N10位上） N5—CH3—FH4 N5、N10—CH2—FH4 N5、N10=CH—FH4 N10—CHO—FH4 N5—CH=NH—FH4 一碳单位主要来源于氨基酸代谢 丝氨酸 N5, N10—CH2—FH4 甘氨酸 N5, N10—CH2—FH4 组氨酸 N5—CH=NH—FH4 色氨酸 N10—CHO—FH4 （三）一碳单位与氨基酸代谢 (Production of One Carbon Units) （四）一碳单位的互相转变 (Conversion of One Carbon Units) N10—CHO—FH4 N5, N10=CH—FH4 N5, N10—CH2—FH4 N5—CH3—FH4 N5—CH=NH—FH4 H+ H2O NADPH+H+ NADP+ NADH+H+ NAD+ NH3 （五）一碳单位的生理功能 (Function of One Carbon Units) 作为合成嘌呤和嘧啶的原料 把氨基酸代谢和核酸代谢联系起来 One carbon unit(-CH3,-CH2.=CH-,-CHO,-CH=NH) is produced by metabolism of glycine, serine, histidine and tryptophan. Tetrahydrofolate is the carrier of one carbon unit and plays an important role in the metabolism of amino acids. The major function of one carbon units is in the biosynthesis of nucleic acids. 三、含硫氨基酸的代谢 胱氨酸 甲硫氨酸 半胱氨酸 含硫氨基酸 The adenylation of methionine forms S-adenosylmethionine, key methyl group donor, which is produced by the methionine cycle and contributed to synthesis some important compounds such as creatine, choline and epinephrine. Storage of “high energy” phosphate from ATP forms creatine phosphate.The amount of creatinine excreted in urine is constant for normal individuals. （一）甲硫氨酸的代谢 (Metabolism of Methionine) 1. 甲硫氨酸与转甲基作用 腺苷转移酶 PPi+Pi + 甲硫氨酸 ATP S—腺苷甲硫氨酸(SAM) SAM: S-adenosylmethionine(SAM) is the major donor of methyl group. FH4 can carry a methyl group on its N5 atom, but its transfer potential is too low for most biosynthetic methylation. However, the activated methyl donor is SAM, which is synthesized by the transfer of an adenosyl group from ATP to the sulfur atom of methionine. The S-adenosylhomocystine is formed when the methyl group of SAM is transferred to an acceptor. The reaction is described later in metabolism of methionine. 甲基转移酶 RH RH—CH3 腺苷 SAM S—腺苷同型半胱氨酸 同型半胱氨酸 SAM为体内甲基的直接供体 2. 甲硫氨酸循环 (Methionine Cycle) 甲硫氨酸