词汇学 词义变化类型.pptVIP

英语061 符娜娜  Extension of Meaning Narrowing of Meaning Elevation of meaning Degradation of Meaning Transference of Meaning Euphemism  Extension of Meaning It is a pr rocess by which a word which originally had a specialized meaning has now become generalized or has extended to cover a broader concept 个原本具有特殊意义的单词的词 义被延伸,范围扩大,可以用来指 代一种更普遍的词义 lady scene scenario box  Polysemic words covering a larger range A large proportion of polysemous words of modern english have their meanings extended to a degree that they can almost mean everything affair business, concern, regard article fact, state, condition, position, situation way, means, respect, matter, make, do become take. stand and so on  Technical terms to general words 从术语到一般词语 Generalization of meaning is also found in many technical terms, which are confined to specialized use tangent, catalyst, allergic, complex, alibi tentacle  e Proper nouns to common nouns 从专有名词到普通名词 Many proper nouns including person names place names, etc have become common nouns used in everyday life. The following examples will illustrate this person names: newton(牛顿), ampere (安培), farad 法拉),joue(焦耳 pascal(帕斯卡),Wa↑(瓦特),ohm(欧 姆),vo|(伏特) place names: champagne(香槟酒--法国地 名),gin(杜松子酒,产自日内瓦,是 Geneva一词的缩写)  Narrowing of meaning It is a process by which a word of wide meaning acquires a narrow or specialized sense. In other words a word which used to have a more general sense becomes restricted in its application and conveys a special concept in p resent-da English 把词义范围较广的词缩小,表示特指, 即过去具有普遍意义的词变化后,现 在仅仅表达特殊意义。  For economy, some phrases are shortened and only one element of the original, usually an adjective, is left to retain the meaning of the whole. Such adjectives have thus taken on specialized meanings  a general= a genera/officer an editoria/= an editorial article a private=a private soldier Some material nouns are used to refer to objects made of them and thus have a m