韦晓亮Argu重点笔记.docVIP

Argument 完整版 注：要把242个题目每一个题目全部分析一遍 以免耽搁考场时间 （一） Argument写作特点和整体结构 给出一篇短文，30分钟内指出文章中关键逻辑错误，并提出提议。 外推类错误 过去比很好未必会延续到未来 充足必需条件错误 还有其它原因 错误类比 让步式攻击 Argument 193： Survey 调查类错误；因果关系错误；错误类比 第一段：开头段 关键是归纳论点，说明论点有问题，存在逻辑漏洞，准备提议进攻。 第二段和第三段甚至第四段：正文段 分类别去攻击各个逻辑错误 第五段：结尾段 作者结论似乎是合理，不过经过论证，不是这么。所以作者在作出决定之前，应该还要考虑其它情况。 （二） 怎样写开头段 C-E-F结构 conclusion结论 evidence证据 flaw缺点 模板 1 混合态度表示 Merely based on (rely on/ depend on) unfounded assumption and dubious (suspicious) evidence, the statement (the article, the author, the arguer) draws a conclusion that... ----C (条理化最好)To substantiate (support/strengthen) the conclusion, the arguer points out evidence that ..a1. In addition, he indicates that ..a2. Furthermore, he cites/ quotes the result of a recent survey in support of his recommendation. (Furthermore, the author cites a3 as a typical example in support of his recommendation.) ----E (让步逻辑)At first sight/glance, this argument appears/seems to be somewhat convincing, but further reflection (考虑) reveals that it ignores/omits some substantial concerns that should be addressed to substantiate the argument. In my point of view, this argument suffers from (N) logical flaws. 避免主观陈说 模板 2 In this argument, the author concludes that… The author cites about 123…In addition, he infers that… Furthermore, the arguer cites sb. sth. as a typical example. In support of … However, this ,,,in favor of …(先颠覆宏观连接 在弱化联络) Making this argument sound and …perfect C和E不要照抄，把原文进行概述、提炼等改写 C最关键 argument和issue不一样，argument要规范、规矩，而issue则要多样。 找准c,概述e （三） 怎样写正文段 一、合理安排逻辑错误攻击次序 a. 根据逻辑错误出现次序进行次序式攻击；(低级 ) b. 根据逻辑错误主次进行攻击； 假如文章关键错误出现在调查，则先攻击之。 c. 根据逻辑体系进行让步式攻击（推荐这种，最合理）和出现次序无关 不是每个题目全部能够这么 按错误演绎关系，如：A = B = C，则先攻击A，A不成立；即便A成立，攻击B，B不成立；假设即使A和B全部成立，攻击C，C不成立。何况A、B全部不成立。 Argument 2：外推类错误 seven years ago;因果类错误 since then;错误类比 注意：逐步让步 二、各段首句 引言局 1 这个文章存在第一个关键性问题是……the major problem with the argument is that… 2 另外一个弱化了原文逻辑点在于……another problem that weaken a logic of this argument is… 3 Before I