生物化学复试面试英语翻译.docVIP

The repica of each strand of DNA has the base sequence of its complementary strand, and from one strand, the other can be made. This important characteristic of the molecule allows for the fidelity of DNA replication, transcription, and translation. DNA每条链的复制产物与其互补链相同，通过一条链，即可获得另一条链。DNA分子的这种重要特征确保了DNA分子的复制，转录，翻译的精确性。 2.Two major categories of enzymes are important tools in the isolation of DNA and the preparation of recombinant DNA: restriction endonucleases and DNA ligases. Restriction endonucleases recognize a specific, rather short, nucleotide sequence on a double-stranded DNA molecule, called a restriction site. 在DNA分离和重组DNA的获得过程中，有两类酶是重要的工具：限制性核酸内切酶以及DNA连接酶。限制性核酸内切酶识别双链DNA分子上一个特定的、相当短的核酸序列，该序列被称作限制性位点。 3.Because its activity is easily detected by color reactions and its expression is inducible,β-galactosidase has become an important enzyme in DNA biotechnology. It is often used in screening strategies for bacterial colonies that have been transformed with recombinant DNA during gene cloning procedures. 由于其活性易于通过颜色反应被检测，且其表达的可诱导性，β-半乳糖苷酶已经成为了DNA生物技术中一个相当重要的酶。在基因克隆的过程中，该酶经常被用来筛选已转入重组DNA的细菌菌落。 4. Double-strand breaks (DSBs) are one of the severest types of DNA damage. Unrepaired DSBs easily induce cell death and chromosome aberrations. To maintain genomic stability, cells have checkpoint and DSB repair systems to respond to DNA damage throughout most of the cell cycle. 双链断裂是最严重的DNA损伤类型之一。不可修复的双链断裂很容易诱发细胞死亡和染色体畸变。为保持基因组的稳定性，细胞设有核对位点以及DSB修复系统来应对DNA损伤，这种应对机制贯穿大部分的细胞周期 5. The advantages of liposomes are that they are nontoxic and nonimmunogenic; however, gene transfer is highly inefficient and expression is transient. Liposomes are tiny lipid spheres in which the phospholipid bilayer entraps DNA. 脂质体（转染）的优点是它们无毒性且无致免疫性；但是用这种方法，基因的传递是非常低效的，其表达也只是暂时性的。所谓脂质体是很小的脂质球，在其磷脂双分子层中包裹着DNA分子。